Twenty Years Wandering (But Not in the Desert): Brazil’s 1967-1989 absence from UN peacekeeping

Since the early 1990s, Brazilian officials have often underlined the country’s role as a traditional contributor of troops to peacekeeping operations, beginning with participation in UNEF I, in 1957. However, for the two decades from 1967 to 1989, Brazil did not take part in peacekeeping – a particularly puzzling absence given that this was a period of increased Brazilian activism at the UN, including in international security issues. This article suggests that one of the main reasons for Brazil’s withdrawal was concern regarding the excessive role of the great powers in controlling these operations. From 1967 to 1977, Brazil participated in the attempt to stop the Security Council from consolidating its control over these operations, seeking thereby to reduce their vulnerability to great power manipulation. In 1977, it desisted from this endeavor, and returned to peacekeeping only in 1989, by which time Brazil, the world, and peacekeeping had all changed significantly

Propuesta de rediseño hidráulico a nivel de prefactibilidad del sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable en el municipio de El Rosario departamento de Carazo

La presente monografía es una investigación que tiene por objetivo proponer un rediseño hidráulico a nivel a prefactibilidad en el sistema de abastecimiento de agua potable, para mejorar las condiciones y calidad de vida a la población del municipio de El Rosario. Normas técnicas para el diseño de abastecimiento y potabilización de agua potable (NTON 09 003-99), donde se obtuvieron los parámetros de diseño de sistemas de abastecimiento de agua potable e Instituciones gubernamentales como: Alcaldía de El Rosario, Ministerio de Salud (MINSA), Ministerio de Educación (MINED), y la Empresa Nacional de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (ENACAL

Kwapa: Gente del río. Estrategias transmedia de impacto social

El PAP Alter Código, período Primavera 2023, trabajó con los dos proyectos que se han venido trabajando en semestres anteriores: el videojuego A Orillas del río y el documental Déjennos pescar. Ambos proyectos parten de la metodología interdisciplinaria y colaborativa con miembros de la comunidad Cucapá para crear representaciones audiovisuales no estigmatizantes, que detonen el sentido de comunidad y refuercen su acervo cultural. El videojuego A Orillas del río es del género point and click, de vista isométrica, el cual está inspirado en el cuento oral tradicional El zorro y el coyote, que busca ser una herramienta lúdica de aprendizaje para reforzar el aprendizaje de la lengua Cucapá en los niños. Los resultados obtenidos fueron el demo del nivel uno (escenas uno y dos); colorimetría, arcos de personajes principales; programación de minijuegos. Dentro del documental ‘Déjennos pescar’ los resultados fueron un montaje, una clasificación del material grabado con transcripciones de audio, mientras que en la parte de estrategia de impacto se creó un manual de uso de redes sociales con colorimetría, tipografía, estilo de voz, tipo de contenido según la red social, para los futuros integrantes del equipo.ITESO, A.C

A diamond of intense brilliance in the diadem of Brazilian diplomacy: The 1953 plan for peace in Jerusalem

In 1953, the Brazilian government decided to advance a plan for the demilitarisation and internationalisation of Jerusalem within a 50-kilometre radius. After consultations, the Holy See initially perceived the Brazilian initiative as agreeable. Also approached, the United States and Britain distrusted the plan, thinking they were dealing with a Papal overture. Israel suspected the Holy See to be behind the initiative and distrusted its intentions. For a few months, rumours stirred concern in the interested parties. After confusing mutual consultations, the Holy See did not really support the initiative and finally rejected and abandoned it. The fate of Brazil’s plan is relevant to understand the stalemate about the fate of Jerusalem, divided by Israel and Jordan, in the early years of the Cold War. Washington and London had already abandoned efforts to solve the issue through the United Nations but were unable to produce an alternative. Although attached to the prospect of internationalisation, the Holy See did not entertain the possibility of negotiating the city’s future. Brazil was making its initial foray into a more universalistic foreign policy and experimenting with different possible identities—Catholic, Western, peaceful—to substantiate its interest in making a broader contribution to international politics.SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The Peacekeeping Deployment that Never was: Domestic Considerations Behind Brazil’s Decision not to Send Troops to MINUSCA

The article aims at investigating how do mechanisms of bureaucratic politics contribute to the decision of deploying troops and in so doing to mold the national motivations underscoring the deployment. The text takes Brazil as a case and researches the decision-making process in the country, using past cases of deployments that actually happened. The bulk of the analysis, however, is dedicated to the negative case where Brazil decided not to contribute to the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA). The analysis provides a breakdown of the 2017–2018 domestic political and bureaucratic decision-making process in Brazil as regards the possibility of deploying troops to MINUSCA and traces the mechanisms in action that resulted in the negative decision by the government. Based on the case of Brazil, considerations are made on the importance of investigating negative scenarios to better understanding how developing countries, such as the BRICS, value the motivations and ultimately decide to contribute to a UN mission.SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe