Alcances de la autonomía municipal para la creación del impuesto del alumbrado público

Lo primero que advertirá el lector es que se ha optado por hablar, desde el título, del impuesto de alumbrado público, y no de la tasa o la contribución del alumbrado público. Con esto se ha querido señalar que uno de los objetivos de este trabajo es el de identificar la naturaleza jurídica del alumbrado público y, en concreto, exponer las razones y argumentos por los que se trata de un impuesto y no de otra clase de tributo. Si bien este objetivo no es el fundamental, su desarrollo es indispensable a efectos de destacar la importancia de la claridad y la precisión que deben procurar los municipios en el manejo de los asuntos tributarios puestos a su cargo con ocasión de la autonomía impositiva que les reconocen la Constitución Política y la ley.Abogado (a)Pregrad

Comparison of Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomics Tools: A Guide to Making the Right Choice

The study of microorganisms is a field of great interest due to their environmental (e.g., soil contamination) and biomedical (e.g., parasitic diseases, autism) importance. The advent of revolutionary next-generation sequencing techniques, and their application to the hypervariable regions of the 16S, 18S or 23S ribosomal subunits, have allowed the research of a large variety of organisms more in-depth, including bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and fungi. Additionally, together with the development of analysis software, the creation of specific databases (e.g., SILVA or RDP) has boosted the enormous growth of these studies. As the cost of sequencing per sample has continuously decreased, new protocols have also emerged, such as shotgun sequencing, which allows the profiling of all taxonomic domains in a sample. The sequencing of hypervariable regions and shotgun sequencing are technologies that enable the taxonomic classification of microorganisms from the DNA present in microbial communities. However, they are not capable of measuring what is actively expressed. Conversely, we advocate that metatranscriptomics is a “new” technology that makes the identification of the mRNAs of a microbial community possible, quantifying gene expression levels and active biological pathways. Furthermore, it can be also used to characterise symbiotic interactions between the host and its microbiome. In this manuscript, we examine the three technologies above, and discuss the implementation of different software and databases, which greatly impact the obtaining of reliable results. Finally, we have developed two easy-to-use pipelines leveraging Nextflow technology. These aim to provide everything required for an average user to perform a metagenomic analysis of marker genes with QIMME2 and a metatranscriptomic study using Kraken2/Bracken.regional Andalusian GovernmentPOSTDOC_21 _0039

Efectos de los cambios en la tasa de intervención del Banco de la República sobre la estructura a plazo

Se analizan los efectos de los movimientos de las tasas de intervención del Banco de la República en la estructura a plazo. La evidencia sugiere que, en frecuencia diaria, las reacciones son imperceptibles. Sin embargo, con datos en frecuencia semanal, la evidencia muestra un efecto empinamiento de la curva de rendimientos cuando aumenta la tasa de subastas. Esto puede ser síntoma de que los agentes perciben un nivel importante de transparencia pero una baja credibilidad de la política monetaria. Esto es, que los agentes están esperando más variaciones de la tasa de intervención en el futuro. En cualquier frecuencia, diaria o semanal, y con las tasas spot se cumple la hipótesis de paridad descubierta de intereses con el mecanismo de expectativas seleccionado.tasas de intervención, estructura a plazo de tasas de interés, hipótesis de paridad descubierta. Classification JEL:E43; E52; F31.

Cambios de la Tasa de Política y su Efecto en la Estructura a Plazo de Colombia

This paper analyzes the effects of changes of Banco de la República’s policy interest rate in the term structure. The evidence suggests that, in daily frequency, these reactions are not significant. However, with weekly data we found an anticipated reactiTasas de Política, estructura a plazo de tasas de interés, hipótesis de paridad descubierta, transparencia, credibilidad

Efectos de la sobrecompactación en la permeabilidad de filtros granulares utilizados en drenajes para presas de residuos mineros

176 p.Uno de los procesos más importantes a desarrollar al momento de realizar una actividad minera es el almacenamiento y utilización de los residuos mineros como relaves en depósitos que requieran de presas, las cuales deben ser competentes no solo en seguridad humana sino también medioambiental. En los últimos años se ha podido observar variados problemas en la estabilidad física de presas de relaves, dejando al mundo de la minería con la importante misión de poder seguir investigando sobre la seguridad y resiliencia que presentan estas estructuras. La atención de esta investigación estará específicamente centrada sobre la capacidad de drenajes de las presas de contención de relaves mineros y la importancia del diseño y construcción de sus materiales componentes, lo anterior en relación con la problemática que existe en la industria principalmente durante la fabricación y colocación de estos elementos en terreno, actividades que modifican su respuesta en infiltración y disminuir el rendimiento de su funcionamiento. En la siguiente investigación se analiza lo que sucede cuando se genera este tipo de problemáticas, por lo que a partir de datos de un relave de cobre y utilizando la normativa internacional se crearon materiales de filtro y transición, los cuales se sometieron a ensayos de densidad máxima y mínima, lo cual permitió obtener el rango de densidades secas a estudiar en ensayos de carga constante, obteniendo información de la permeabilidad que tienen estos materiales según el grado de acomodo o densidad relativa, generando propuestas que relacionan un decaimiento potencial en la permeabilidad a medida que se aumenta la densidad relativa, para finalmente realizar simulaciones de infiltración de un sistema de drenaje en el software SEEP/W de GeoStudio, obteniendo como resultado diferentes disminuciones en el caudal para varios modelos de un sistema de drenaje, en el que las relaciones de permeabilidad descritas por ICOLD sean menores a los valores originales. // ABSTRACT: One of the most important processes to develop when carrying out a mining activity is the storage and use of mining waste as tailings in deposits that require dams, which must be competent not only in human but also environmental safety. In recent years, various problems have been observed in the physical stability of tailings dams, leaving the mining world with the important mission of continuing to investigate the safety and resilience of these structures. The attention of this research will be specifically focused on the drainage capacity of the mine tailings containment dams and the importance of the design and construction of their component materials, the foregoing in relation to the problems that exist in the industry mainly during manufacturing and placement of these elements in the field, activities that modify their response in infiltration and decrease the performance of their operation. The following research analyzes what happens when this type of problem is generated, so that from data from a copper tailings and using international regulations, filter and transition materials were created, which were subjected to density tests. maximum and minimum, which allowed obtaining the range of dry densities to be studied in constant load tests, obtaining information on the permeability of these materials according to the degree of accommodation or relative density, generating proposals that relate a potential decay in permeability to as the relative density is increased, to finally perform infiltration simulations of a drainage system in the SEEP/W software of GeoStudio, obtaining as a result different decreases in flow for various models of a drainage system, in which the relationships permeability described by ICOLD are lower than the original values

Mirador: Las puertas de Cahuil

51 p

GWAS loci associated with Chagas cardiomyopathy influences DNA methylation levels

Cardiomyopathies; Genomics; Chagas diseaseCardiomiopatías; Genómica; Enfermedad de ChagasMiocardiopaties; Genòmica; Malaltia de ChagasA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a locus in chromosome 11 associated with the chronic cardiac form of Chagas disease. Here we aimed to elucidate the potential functional mechanism underlying this genetic association by analyzing the correlation among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA methylation (DNAm) levels as cis methylation quantitative trait loci (cis-mQTL) within this region. A total of 2,611 SNPs were tested against 2,647 DNAm sites, in a subset of 37 chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients and 20 asymptomatic individuals from the GWAS. We identified 6,958 significant cis-mQTLs (False Discovery Rate [FDR]<0.05) at 1 Mb each side of the GWAS leading variant, where six of them potentially modulate the expression of the SAC3D1 gene, the reported gene in the previous GWAS. In addition, a total of 268 cis-mQTLs showed differential methylation between chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy patients and asymptomatic individuals. The most significant cis-mQTLs mapped in the gene bodies of POLA2 (FDR = 1.04x10-11), PLAAT3 (FDR = 7.22x10-03), and CCDC88B (FDR = 1.89x10-02) that have been associated with cardiovascular and hematological traits in previous studies. One of the most relevant interactions correlated with hypermethylation of CCDC88B. This gene is involved in the inflammatory response, and its methylation and expression levels have been previously reported in Chagas cardiomyopathy. Our findings support the functional relevance of the previously associated genomic region, highlighting the regulation of novel genes that could play a role in the chronic cardiac form of the disease.This research was supported by grants from Programa Iberoamericano de ciencia y tecnología para el desarrollo (RIMGECH - 217RT0524) to Chagas Genetics CYTED Network. MAH was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-Juan de la Cierva fellowship (IJC2018-035131-I). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Impact of DLK1-DIO3 imprinted cluster hypomethylation in smoker patients with lung cancer

DNA methylation is important for gene expression and genome stability, and its disruption is thought to play a key role in the initiation and progression of cancer and other diseases. The DLK1-DIO3 cluster has been shown to be imprinted in humans, and some of its components are relevant to diverse pathological processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the methylation patterns of the DLK1-DIO3 cluster in patients with lung cancer to study its relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. We found a characteristic methylation pattern of this cluster in smoking associated lung cancer, as compared to normal lung tissue. This methylation profile is not patent however in lung cancer of never smokers nor in lung tissue of COPD patients. We found 3 deregulated protein-coding genes at this locus: one was hypermethylated (DIO3) and two were hypomethylated (DLK1 and RTL1). Statistically significant differences were also detected in two different families of SNORDs, two miRNA clusters and four lncRNAs (MEG3, MEG8, MEG9 and LINC00524). These findings were validated using data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. We have then showed an inverse correlation between DNA methylation and expression levels in 5 randomly selected genes. Several targets of miRNAs included in the DLK1-DIO3 cluster have been experimentally verified as tumor suppressors. All of these results suggest that the dysmethylation of the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 cluster could have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of lung cancer in current and former smokers and may be used for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes.Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI17/00033Junta de Andalucía PI2009-0224 y PI-0046-2012LPA fundado por Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI1102688, 1401964, R12/0036/0028 y CB16/12/00442Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PI12/00137, PI15/00045, RTICC: RD12/0036/0028, CB16/12/00275Junta de Andalucía PI-0135-2010 y PI-0306-2012Junta de Andalucía CTS-6844 y CTS-1848Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI12/0283

RNA-Seq, bioinformatic identification of potential microRNA-like small RNAs in the edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus and experimental approach for their validatiol

Although genomes from many edible mushrooms are sequenced, studies on fungal micro RNAs (miRNAs) are scarce. Most of the bioinformatic tools are designed for plants or animals, but the processing and expression of fungal miRNAs share similarities and differences with both kingdoms. Moreover, since mushroom species such as Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus, white button mushroom) are frequently consumed as food, controversial discussions are still evaluating whether their miRNAs might or might not be assimilated, perhaps within extracellular vesicles (i.e., exosomes). Therefore, the A. bisporus RNA-seq was studied in order to identify potential de novo miRNA-like small RNAs (milRNAs) that might allow their later detection in diet. Results pointed to 1 already known and 37 de novo milRNAs. Three milRNAs were selected for RT-qPCR experiments. Precursors and mature milRNAs were found in the edible parts (caps and stipes), validating the predictions carried out in silico. When their potential gene targets were investigated, results pointed that most were involved in primary and secondary metabolic regulation. However, when the human transcriptome is used as the target, the results suggest that they might interfere with important biological processes related with cancer, infection and neurodegenerative disease

Evidence for a role of phenotypic mutations in virus adaptation

This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness/FEDER Funds Grant RTI2018-097142-B-100 and by Human Frontier Science Program Grant RGP0041/2017. Viral genome library preparation and Illumina sequencing were carried out at the IPBLN Genomics Facility (CSIC, Granada, Spain), and the assistance of Dr. Alicia Barroso del Jesus is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Dr. Jon Beckwith and Dr. Dana Boyd (Harvard University) for kindly providing knockout strains used in this work.Supplemental information can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102257.Viruses interact extensively with the host molecular machinery, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Bacteriophage T7 recruits the small protein thioredoxin of the Escherichia coli host as an essential processivity factor for the viral DNA polymerase. We challenged the phage to propagate in a host in which thioredoxin had been extensively modified to hamper its recruitment. The virus adapted to the engineered host without losing the capability to propagate in the original host, but no genetic mutations were fixed in the thioredoxin binding domain of the viral DNA polymerase. Virus adaptation correlated with mutations in the viral RNA polymerase, supporting that promiscuous thioredoxin recruitmentwas enabled by phenotypicmutations caused by transcription errors. These results point to a mechanism of virus adaptation that may play a role in cross-species transmission.We propose that phenotypicmutations may generally contribute to the capability of viruses to evade antiviral strategiesSpanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness/FEDER Funds Grant RTI2018-097142-B-100Human Frontier Science Program Grant RGP0041/201