47 research outputs found
Mapping Empires, Mapping Bodies: Reflections on the Use and Abuse of Cartography
L'exercici del poder es pot mostrar en un ventall infinit de cares, en aquest
article se'n presenten dues: el domini territorial i la possessiĂł personal. Amb
una sÚrie d'exemples cartogrà fics il·lustra abastament els usos i els abusos dels
mapes al llarg de la histĂČria i en especial referĂšncia als de l'Imperi BritĂ nic. La
comparaciĂł entre aquests usos cartogrĂ fics i el domini del propi cos ens planteja
fins a quin punt la mateixa cartografia no esdevé una mena de pornografia
en el procĂ©s de domini imperialista.El ejercicio del poder se puede mostrar en una infinidad de formas, en este artĂculo
se destacan dos: el dominio territorial y la posesiĂłn personal. Con una serie
de ejemplos cartogrĂĄficos se ilustra ampliamente los usos y abusos que los mapas
han tenido en el curso de la historia con especial Ă©nfasis en el imperialismo britĂĄnico.
La comparaciĂłn entre estos usos cartograficos y aquellos sobre el dominio del propio cuerpo, nos hace plantearnos hasta que punto la cartografĂa no se
convierte en una especie de pornografĂa en el proceso del dominio imperialista.Power relations could be unfolded in countless ways; in this article two of
them are analyzed: territorial domination and personal possession. Using a
series of cartographic examples this article presents some of the uses and
abuses that the maps have had in the course of history with special emphasis
during the British Empire. The comparison between these cartographic examples
and those on the dominion of the own body; make us wonder until which
point cartography does not become a sort of pornography in the process of the
imperialistic domination
Reading the World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Pieter van den Keereâs Map, Nova totius terrarum orbis geographica ac hydrographica tabula (Amsterdam, 1608/36).
Proceedings of the first âReading the Worldâ conference (1994), edited by Matthew Edney and Irwin Novak, and published in 2001 by the University of Southern Maine on behalf of the Friends of the Osher Map Library.https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/oml-friends-publication-op/1008/thumbnail.jp
Recent Trends in the History of Cartography: A Selective, Annotated Bibliography to the English-Language Literature
Replaces version 2.0,
published 3/15/06.
See note under
Document History.The history of cartography has since the 1970s significantly expanded its disciplinary reach, its theoretical directions and approaches, and its scholarship. This annotated bibliography is intended as a guide to the extended field. It seeks to remind newcomers and established map scholars alike of the fieldâs traditional concerns (and literatures) and to inform them of its new directions and scholarship
Applications of digital imaging and analysis in seabird monitoring and research
Rapid advances in digital imaging technology offer efficient and costâeffective methods for measuring seabird abundance, breeding success, phenology, survival and diet. These methods can facilitate understanding of longâterm population trends, and the design and implementation of successful conservation strategies. This paper reviews the suitability of satellites, manned aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and fixedâposition, handheld and animalâborne cameras for recording digital photographs and videos used to measure seabird demographic and behavioural parameters. It considers the disturbance impacts, accuracy of results obtained, costâeffectiveness and scale of monitoring possible compared with âtraditionalâ fieldworker methods. Given the ease of collecting large amounts of imagery, image processing is an important step in realizing the potential of this technology. The effectiveness of manual, semiâautomated and automated image processing is also reviewed. Satellites, manned aircraft and UAVs have most commonly been used for population counts. Spatial resolution is lowest in satellites, limiting monitoring to large species and those with obvious signs of presence, such as penguins. Conversely, UAVs have the highest spatial resolution, which has allowed fineâscale measurements of foraging behaviour. Timeâlapse cameras are more costâeffective for collecting timeâseries data such as breeding success and phenology, as human visits are only required infrequently for maintenance. However, the colony of interest must be observable from a single vantage point. Handheld, animalâborne and motionâtriggered cameras have fewer costâeffective uses but have provided information on seabird diet, foraging behaviour and nest predation. The last of these has been important for understanding the impact of invasive mammals on seabird breeding success. Advances in automated image analysis are increasing the suitability of digital photography and videography to facilitate and/or replace traditional seabird monitoring methods. Machineâlearning algorithms, such as Pengbot, have allowed rapid identification of birds, although training requires thousands of preâannotated photographs. Digital imaging has considerable potential in seabird monitoring, provided that appropriate choices are available for both image capture technology and image processing. These technologies offer opportunities to collect data in remote locations and increase the number of sites monitored. The potential to include such solutions in seabird monitoring and research will develop as the technology evolves, which will be of benefit given funding challenges in monitoring and conservation
Best practices for using drones in seabird monitoring and research
Over the past decade, drones have become increasingly popular in environmental biology and have been used to study wildlife on all continents. Drones have become of global importance for surveying breeding seabirds, by providing opportunities to transform monitoring techniques and allow new research on some of the most threatened birds. However, such fast-changing and increasingly available technology presents challenges to regulators responding to requests to carry out surveys, and to researchers ensuring their work follows best practice and meets legal and ethical standards. Following a workshop convened at the 14th International Seabird Group Conference and a subsequent literature search, we collate information from over 100 studies and present a framework comprising eight steps to ensure drone-seabird surveys are safe, effective, and within the law: 1) Objectives and Feasibility; 2) Technology and Training; 3) Site Assessment and Permission; 4) Disturbance Mitigation; 5) Pre-deployment Checks; 6) Flying; 7) Data Handling and Analysis; and 8) Reporting. The audience is wide-ranging with sections having relevance for different users, including prospective and experienced drone-seabird pilots, landowners, and licensors. Regulations vary between countries and are frequently changing, but common principles exist. Taking-off, landing, and conducting in-flight changes in altitude and speed at â„ 50 m from the study area and flying at â„ 50 m above ground-nesting seabirds/horizontal distance from vertical colonies, should have limited disturbance impact on many seabird species; although surveys should stop if disturbance occurs. Compared to automated methods, manual or semi-automated image analyses are, at present, more suitable for infrequent drone surveys and surveys of relatively small colonies. When deciding if drone-seabird surveys are an appropriate monitoring method long-term, the cost, risks, and results obtained should be compared to traditional field monitoring where possible. Accurate and timely reporting of surveys is essential to developing adaptive guidelines for this increasingly common technology
"On the Spot": travelling artists and Abolitionism, 1770-1830
Until recently the visual culture of Atlantic slavery has rarely been critically scrutinised. Yet in the first decades of the nineteenth century slavery was frequently represented by European travelling artists, often in the most graphic, sometimes voyeuristic, detail. This paper examines the work of several itinerant artists, in particular Augustus Earle (1793-1838) and Agostino Brunias (1730â1796), whose very mobility along the edges of empire was part of a much larger circulatory system of exchange (people, goods and ideas) and diplomacy that characterised Europeâs Age of Expansion. It focuses on the role of the travelling artist, and visual culture more generally, in the development of British abolitionism between 1770 and 1830. It discusses the broad circulation of slave imagery within European culture and argues for greater recognition of the role of such imagery in the abolitionist debates that divided Britain. Furthermore, it suggests that the epistemological authority conferred on the travelling artistâthe quintessential eyewitnessâwas key to the rhetorical power of his (rarely her) images.
Artists such as Earle viewed the New World as a boundless source of fresh material that could potentially propel them to fame and fortune. Johann Moritz Rugendas (1802-1858), on the other hand, was conscious of contributing to a global scientific mission, a Humboldtian imperative that by the 1820s propelled him and others to travel beyond the traditional itinerary of the Grand Tour. Some artists were implicated in the very fabric of slavery itself, particularly those in the British West Indies such as William Clark (working 1820s) and Richard Bridgens (1785-1846); others, particularly those in Brazil, expressed strong abolitionist sentiments. Fuelled by evangelical zeal to record all aspects of the New World, these artists recognised the importance of representing the harsh realities of slave life. Unlike those in the metropole who depicted slavery (most often in caustic satirical drawings), many travelling artists believed strongly in the evidential value of their images, a value attributed to their global mobility. The paper examines the varied and complex means by which visual culture played a significant and often overlooked role in the political struggles that beset the period
Best practices for using drones in seabird monitoring and research
Over the past decade, drones have become increasingly popular in environmental biology and have been used to study wildlife on all continents. Drones have become of global importance for surveying breeding seabirds by providing opportunities to transform monitoring techniques and allow new research on some of the most threatened birds. However, such fast-changing and increasingly available technology presents challenges to regulators responding to requests to carry out surveys and to researchers ensuring their work follows best practice and meets legal and ethical standards. Following a workshop convened at the 14th International Seabird Group Conference and a subsequent literature search, we collate information from over 100 studies and present a framework to ensure drone-seabird surveys are safe, effective, and within the law. The framework comprises eight steps: (1) Objectives and Feasibility; (2) Technology and Training; (3) Site Assessment and Permission; (4) Disturbance Mitigation; (5) Pre-deployment Checks; (6) Flying; (7) Data Handling and Analysis; and (8) Reporting. The audience is wide-ranging with sections having relevance for different users, including prospective and experienced drone-seabird pilots, landowners, and licensors. Regulations vary between countries and are frequently changing, but common principles exist. Taking-off, landing, and conducting in-flight changes in altitude and speed at â„ 50 m from the study area, and flying at â„ 50 m above ground-nesting seabirds/horizontal distance from vertical colonies, should have limited disturbance impact on many seabird species; however, surveys should stop if disturbance occurs. Compared to automated methods, manual or semi-automated image analyses are, at present, more suitable for infrequent drone surveys and surveys of relatively small colonies. When deciding if drone-seabird surveys are an appropriate monitoring method long-term, the cost, risks, and results obtained should be compared to traditional field monitoring where possible. Accurate and timely reporting of surveys is essential to developing adaptive guidelines for this increasingly common technology
Best practices for using drones in seabird monitoring and research
Over the past decade, drones have become increasingly popular in environmental biology and have been used to study wildlife on all continents. Drones have become of global importance for surveying breeding seabirds by providing opportunities to transform monitoring techniques and allow new research on some of the most threatened birds. However, such fast-changing and increasingly available technology presents challenges to regulators responding to requests to carry out surveys and to researchers ensuring their work follows best practice and meets legal and ethical standards. Following a workshop convened at the 14th International Seabird Group Conference and a subsequent literature search, we collate information from over 100 studies and present a framework to ensure drone-seabird surveys are safe, effective, and within the law. The framework comprises eight steps: (1) Objectives and Feasibility; (2) Technology and Training; (3) Site Assessment and Permission; (4) Disturbance Mitigation; (5) Pre-deployment Checks; (6) Flying; (7) Data Handling and Analysis; and (8) Reporting. The audience is wide-ranging with sections having relevance for different users, including prospective and experienced drone-seabird pilots, landowners, and licensors. Regulations vary between countries and are frequently changing, but common principles exist. Taking-off, landing, and conducting in-flight changes in altitude and speed at â„ 50 m from the study area, and flying at â„ 50 m above ground-nesting seabirds/horizontal distance from vertical colonies, should have limited disturbance impact on many seabird species; however, surveys should stop if disturbance occurs. Compared to automated methods, manual or semi-automated image analyses are, at present, more suitable for infrequent drone surveys and surveys of relatively small colonies. When deciding if drone-seabird surveys are an appropriate monitoring method long-term, the cost, risks, and results obtained should be compared to traditional field monitoring where possible. Accurate and timely reporting of surveys is essential to developing adaptive guidelines for this increasingly common technology
Archive of Darkness:William Kentridge's Black Box/Chambre Noire
Situating itself in histories of cinema and installation art, William Kentridge's Black Box/Chambre Noire (2005) raises questions about screens, exhibition space, site-specificity and spectatorship. Through his timely intervention in a debate on Germanyâs colonial past, Kentridgeâs postcolonial art has contributed to the recognition and remembrance of a forgotten, colonial genocide. This article argues that, by transposing his signature technique of drawings for projection onto a new set of media, Kentridge explores how and what we can know through cinematic projection in the white cube. In particular, his metaphor of the illuminated shadow enables him to animate archival fragments as shadows and silhouettes. By creating a multi-directional archive, Black Box enables an affective engagement with the spectres of colonialism and provides a forum for the calibration of moral questions around reparation, reconciliation and forgiveness