MORFOLOGIA DO TUBO DIGESTIVO DA PESCADA AMARELA Cynoscion acoupa (LACEPÈDE, 1801) (PERCIFORMES: SCIAENIDAE) NO LITORAL PIAUIENSE, BRASIL

This study aims to describe the anatomical structure of the digestive tract relating to its diet of the acoupa weakfish Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801) caught in Piaui coastline from June of 2013 to January of 2014. It was analyzed 68 specimens with total length ranging from 25-70 cm, with a mean of 44,66 cm and body weight ranging from 2.5 to 11.7 kg, with a mean of 6.4 kg. The digestive tracts showed anatomical adaptations related to carnivorous habits. The stomachs presented cecal form, in “Y”, with gastric regions: cardiac, caecal and pyloric well defined; the internal mucosa was covered by extendable fold separated by a deep sulcus. The esophagus is short. The cardiac is greater region of the stomach. The mucosa folds presented considerably extendable to reception and conduction of food through esophagus and the stomach storage. The intestine is relatively short, with intestinal coefficient of 0.99 is divided into the medium intestine and rectum, with the presence of ileorectal valve between them. The pyloric sphincter regulates the flow of food to medium intestine. Pyloric cecum formed by four appendices with function of enlargement of the intestinal absorption area. The digestive tract morphology of C. acoupa is consistent with its carnivorous habits, ichthyophagous.Keywords: Morphological aspects; Digestive tube; Anatomy; carnivorous food habit.Os objetivos deste trabalho foi descrever a estrutura anatômica do tubo digestivo, relacionando-o ao hábito alimentar da Pescada amarela, Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, 1801), capturadas no litoral do Piauí, no período de julho de 2013 a janeiro de 2014. Foram analisados 68 exemplares, com comprimento total variando entre 25 a 70 cm e média de 44,66, enquanto o peso corporal variou entre 2,5 a 11,7 kg e média de 6,4. Os tubos digestivos mostraram adaptações anatômicas ao hábito alimentar carnívoro. Os estômagos apresentaram forma cecal, em Y, com as regiões gástricas (cárdica, fúndica e pilórica bem definida; mucosa interna revestida por pregas distensíveis) separadas por profundos sulcos. O esôfago é curto. A região cárdica é a maior do estômago. As pregas da mucosa apresentam-se consideravelmente distensíveis para recepção e condução do alimento pelo esôfago e armazenamento pelo estômago. O intestino é relativamente curto, com coeficiente intestinal de 0,99 dividindo-se em intestino médio e reto, com a presença de valva ileorretal entre eles. O esfíncter pilórico regula o fluxo do alimento para o intestino médio. Os cecos pilóricos, formados por quatro apêndices com função de ampliação da área de absorção intestinal. A morfologia do tubo digestivo de C. acoupa condiz com o seu hábito alimentar carnívoro, ictiófago.Palavras-chave: Aspectos morfológicos, Tubo digestivo, Anatomia, hábito alimentar carnívoro

Relação entre genótipo e insuficiência pancreática em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística de um centro de referência no Brasil

Introdução: fibrose cística (FC) é uma doença genética que culmina em alterações na proteína transmembrana CFTR, resultando na produção de muco mais espesso em diversos órgãos, destacando-se os tratos respiratório e digestório. A insuficiência pancreática (IP) acomete até 95% dos pacientes com FC. Objetivos: determinar a frequência de IP através da dosagem de elastase fecal-1 (EF-1) e compará-la com o genótipo de pacientes com FC assistidos em um centro de referência. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo transversal, incluindo-se pacientes com FC de 0 a 20 anos. Após a inclusão dos sujeitos à pesquisa, foi realizada consulta ao prontuário para a obtenção de dados clinicos e demograficos e amostras de fezes foram obtidas para dosagem da (EF-1). Os pacientes foram submetidos à análise molecular das mutações por métodos convencionais, através da extração do DNA em sangue periférico. Quandoduas mutações patológicas não foram identificadas, o sequenciamento de nova geração com utilização da plataforma Illumina HiSeq foi realizado em amostras da mucosa oral. Resultados: foram incluídos 31 pacientes, 17 (54,8%) do sexo feminino, mediana de idade de 10 anos, e apenas um paciente foi classificado como branco. Vinte e dois (70,9%) pacientes apresentaram dosagem de EF-1inferior a 200 μg/g, compatível com o diagnóstico de IP. Destes, 21 (95,4%) apresentaram dosagem de EF-1 menor ou igual a 15μg/g, caracteristica de IP grave. Todos os pacientes com IP apresentavam duas mutações de classes I a III. Conclusão: a IP foi identificada em 70% dos pacientes, ocorrendo em todos os pacientes com duas mutações de classe I-III

Deputados brasileiros no Twitter: um estudo quantitativo dos padrões de adoção e uso da ferramenta

Resultado de uma pesquisa realizada entre os anos de 2011 e 2013, o trabalho investiga quantitativamente um conjunto de fatores relacionados à adoção do Twitter por parte dos 457 deputados federais brasileiros registrados no microblog. Com base na análise das variáveis relativas ao volume de publicação de mensagens e ao número de seguidores (monitoradas entre fevereiro de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013), confrontadas com variáveis independentes de cunho individual e político, descobriu-se, dentre outras questões, que um parlamentar relativamente jovem, com alta votação, early adopter dos media digitais e integrante de um partido de esquerda é aquele que apresenta um perfil de uso mais intenso do Twitter. Palavras-Chave: internet; redes sociais digitais; Twitter; Congresso; política; imagem pública.   Abstract The paper presents the results of a quantitative research undertaken between February 2012 and February 2013 on the factors related to the use of Twitter by 457 Brazilian federal deputies. We analyze the volume of messages posted and the number of followers of each deputy in order to examine how those variables relate to individual and political characteristics. Results show, among other things, that the deputy who most uses the microblog has the following profile: a relatively young user, highly voted, an early adopter of digital media and a member of a leftist party. Keywords: Internet; social media; Twitter; Congress; politics; public image

Philippine Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Response Manual Series: Marine Turtles

This manual addresses the lack of information materials on how to deal with marine turtle encounters in the Philippine seas to ensure that the proper treatment and intervention is provided. The manual also responds to the Comprehensive Action Plan for Threatened, Charismatic, and Migratory Species of the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME), which has been identified as the first priority seascape the Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI). The Tri-National Committee of the SSME developed the Comprehensive Action Plans (CAP) that identified seven Key Result Areas (KRAs) to improve the status of marine turtles in the SSME, as follows: (a) Identify best practices in minimizing threats to marine turtle populations and their habitats; (b) Develop and implement nesting habitats and management programs to maximize hatchling production and survival; (c) Provide recommendations on specific features or criteria in marine protected area (MPA) design and MPA network design in relation to the protection and management of marine turtles in SSME waters; (d) Undertake initiatives to promote reduction of incidental capture and mortality of marine turtles; (e) Conduct turtle population habitat research and monitoring protocols; (f) Develop guidelines for MPA network design for marine turtles; and (g) Publish information to promote best practices and successes for marine turtle conservation. This manual is an important step to address gaps and issues on threatened marine wildlife in the Philippines to better protect and conserve marine biodiversity in the Coral Triangle.The publication of this book is made possible through the collaboration of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Biodiversity Management Bureau (DENR-BMB), Marine Wildlife Watch of the Philippines (MWWP), and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) through its Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal Areas Project (ACCCoast). This project is part of the Internationale Klimaschutzinitiative (IKI). The German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag (http://www.international-climate-initiative.com)

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Congressmen in the age of social network sites: Brazilian representatives and Twitter use

This paper investigates the factors that influence how members of the Brazilian House of Representatives adopt Twitter as part of their political communication strategy. Our intention is to understand the main variables that lead legislators to invest time and resources in microblogging. This quantitative study examined all of the 457 official congressional accounts registered on Twitter. These accounts were monitored weekly between February 2012 and February 2013. After empirically exploring the data, this work reflects on the results thanks in part to an examination of the literature on the intersection of the Internet and politics. The results indicate correlations between the use of Twitter and attributes like age and occupation of leadership positions