DRIVER PREFERENCE CONCERNING IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM MAPS FOR DRIVERS WITH COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY

In-car Route Guidance and Navigation Systems (RGNS) are used to help drivers navigate. These maps have mainly been designed to accommodate drivers with normal color vision. However, the color perception of people with normal color vision differs from that of people with color vision deficiency. When navigating, understanding certain kinds of information presented by RGNS maps can be a more complex task for colorblind drivers and traffic safety may be impacted negatively. An important aspect related to the graphic design of RGNS maps is the use of a good combination of colors to improve map legibility. Cartographic representations with good legibility aid drivers in comprehending information and making appropriate decisions during driving tasks. This paper evaluates driver preference for RGNS maps designed for drivers with color vision deficiency. A total of 14 subjects participated in an experiment performed in a parked car. Maps were designed to accommodate red-blinds and green-blinds by using a color simulator and principles of perceptual grouping and figure-ground segregation. Based on the results, we conclude that the map grouping symbols representing car and direction arrows in blue segregated from the route in black was more acceptable to drivers compared to other combinations. It is recommended that RGNS should offer a specific graphic design to support drivers with color vision deficiency in navigating

EVALUATION OF USABILITY OF MAPS OF DIFFERENT SCALES PRESENTED IN AN IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM

Noise from the information communication process produced by the interfaces of navigation systems has overloaded drivers' cognitive processing systems and increased the probability of traffic accidents. This work evaluates the usability of maps of different scales in a prototype route guidance and navigation system. The maps were designed on basic cartographic communication principles, such as perceptive grouping and figure-ground segregation, as well drivers’ requirements for performing a tactical task. Two different scales were adopted, 1:3,000 and 1:6,000, and the maps implemented in the prototype. A total of 52 subjects (26 males and 26 females) participated in an experiment performed in a driving simulator. The maps describe an urban route composed of 13 simple and complex maneuvers. The drivers’ mental workload was measured in terms of visual demand, navigational error and subjective preference. Results reveal that the usability of maps is influenced by map scale variation, and this is related to maneuver complexity. Also, an association between drivers’ visual demand and gender was found, and this was related to drivers’ spatial ability. More implications are presented and discussed

PREFERENCE FOR MAP SCALE OF IN-CAR ROUTE GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION SYSTEM

Usability issues of maps presented in-car Route Guidance and Navigation System (RGNS) may result in serious impacts on traffic safety. To obtain effective RGNS, evaluation of ‘user satisfaction’ with the system has played a prominent role, since designers can quantify drivers’ acceptance about presented information. An important variable related to design of RGNS interfaces refers to select appropriate scale for maps, since it interferes on legibility of maps. Map with good legibility may support drivers comprehend information easily and take decisions during driving task quickly. This paper evaluates drivers’ preference for scales used in maps of RGNS. A total of 52 subjects participated of an experiment performed in a parked car. Maps were designed at four different scales 1:1,000, 1:3,000, 1:6,000 and 1:10,000 for a route composed of 13 junctions. Map design was based on cartographic communication principles, such as perceptive grouping and figure-ground segregation. Based on studies cases, we conclude intermediate scales (1:6,000 and 1:3,000) were more acceptable among drivers compared to large scales (1:1,000) and small (1:10,000). RGNS should select scales for maps which supports drivers to quickly identify direction of the maneuver and, simultaneously, get information about surroundings of route. More results are presented and implications discusse

ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DAS NOTIFICAÇÕES DE LESÃO AUTOPROVOCADA NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO ENTRE 2018 E 2021

Self-harm is considered a public health problem and can be categorized as a form of interpersonal and self-harm violence, characterized by significant rates of occurrence on a global scale. In Brazil, few spatial analysis studies have explored this problem. The present work aims to detect and identify the spatial distribution of the rate of self-harm between the years 2018 and 2021. The methodology includes obtaining and organizing data, descriptive analysis of the rates calculated per 100,000 inhabitants, exploratory analysis with statistical tests and quantitative thematic mapping, as well as analysis of the spatial pattern using global and local Moran indices. The results reveal large clusters of high rates of self-inflicted violence in municipalities that are in the regional health department of São José do Rio Preto, and large clusters of low rates in the regional health department of Greater São Paulo and surroundings, throughout the four years studied. Comparing the two periods, during the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there was a reduction in the absolute number of occurrences. Despite this, the spatial patterns were consistent over the four years. These findings can guide future research on the problem of self-inflicted injury.A lesão autoprovocada é considerada um problema de saúde pública, podendo ser categorizada como uma forma de violência interpessoal e autoprovocada, caracterizada por taxas significativas de ocorrência em escala global. No Brasil, poucos estudos de análise espacial têm explorado esse problema. O presente trabalho visa detectar e identificar a distribuição espacial da taxa de lesão autoprovocada entre os anos de 2018 e 2021. A metodologia inclui obtenção e organização dos dados, análises descritivas das taxas calculadas por 100.000 habitantes, análise exploratória com testes estatísticos e mapeamento temático quantitativo, bem como análise do padrão espacial por meio dos índices de Moran global e local. Os resultados revelam grandes aglomerados de altas taxas de ocorrências de violência autoprovocada em municípios que se encontram na diretoria regional de saúde de São José do Rio Preto, e grandes aglomerados de baixas taxas na diretoria regional de saúde da Grande São Paulo e arredores, ao longo dos quatro anos estudados. Comparando dois períodos, houve redução dos números absolutos de ocorrências durante a pandemia causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Apesar disso, os padrões espaciais foram consistentes ao longo dos quatro anos. Essas descobertas podem orientar pesquisas futuras sobre o problema da lesão autoprovocada

O raciocínio geográfico e as chaves de leitura da Covid-19 no território brasileiro

RESUMO Para compreender como a Covid-19 se distribui pelo espaço brasileiro, os geógrafos utilizam-se do raciocínio geográfico apoiados em técnicas de mapeamento e representações espaciais. Nesse sentido, propomos aqui uma série de procedimentos para compreender a doença no espaço, primeiramente com a exploração e descrição dos dados, a análise espacial e a síntese por meio da modelização gráfica, partindo em seguida para a comunicação cartográfica. Como efeito, esperamos que esse caminho teórico e metodológico possa balizar a criação de uma imagem de mundo capaz de responder a demandas mais urgentes postas pela pandemia, ao mesmo tempo criar reflexões sobre como a produção do espaço atual cria vulnerabilidades nesta globalização perversa

REVISÃO DO PLANO DIRETOR DE PRESIDENTE VENCESLAU: ESTUDO DE ÁREAS PERMEÁVEIS COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA FORMULAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS AMBIENTAIS

This interdisciplinary work is a spatial analysis of a sub-basin hydrographic. It aims to study the relations between paved ground and the negative impacts of rainfall in an urban area, thus, anthropomorphized, in Presidente Venceslau – SP. Using cartographic tools of testing, analysis, and evaluations, the authors show and prove that the local legal dispositions on land use and occupation is not applied and the Municipality, therefore, has to face the precipitation consequences while not engaging its cause which is, mostly, an uneven urbanization. The center of the work is the cartographic representation of properties and urban structures according to its obedience to local law dispositions concerning environmental matters. The basic conclusion proposes that the pavement must be removed in the legal rate limit and a craft of legal provisions was sent to the Municipality.Este estudo interdisciplinar constitui a análise espacial de uma sub-bacia hidrográfica. Ele tem por objetivo estudar as relações entre o solo pavimentado e os impactos negativos das chuvas numa área urbana, logo, antropomorfizada, em Presidente Venceslau – SP. Usando dos instrumentos cartográficos de testes, análises e avaliações, os autores mostram e comprovam que as regras municipais sobre uso e ocupação do solo não são aplicadas e o Município, portanto, tem de, erroneamente, combater as consequências das chuvas e não as suas causas derivadas de uma urbanização desigual. O centro do trabalho é a representação cartográfica das propriedades e estruturas urbanas de acordo com sua obediência à lei local em matéria ambiental. A conclusão é a de que o pavimento precisa ser removido na taxa legal, dentre outras, que foram apresentadas à Prefeitura em projeto de lei