483 research outputs found
Proof of Scienter in Criminal Obscenity Prosecutions
Beginning in 1957 with the landmark case of Roth v. United States, and continuing to the present, the courts and legislatures of this country have embarked on a determined, if somewhat confused, effort to prove Milton wrong. The social demand for the enactment and strict enforcement of obscenity laws, designed to remove both the material and its purveyors from society, has placed an enormous burden on the courts, which are charged with interpreting the vagaries of this country\u27s obscenity laws as well as balancing the need for control of obscenity with constitutional freedoms
Creating Democratic Classroom Communities with Morning Meeting Humanizing Social Practices. A Response to The Morning Meeting: Fostering a Participatory Democracy Begins with Youth in Public Education
In our response to Tilhouâs article published last issue, âThe Morning Meeting: Fostering a Participatory Democracy Begins with Youth in Public Education,â we share and discuss ethnographic data from Morning Meetings in two U.S. elementary classrooms. We detail ways the democratic potential of Morning Meetings is being cultivated in these classroom communities where one teacher has extended the Responsive Classroom model while the other has developed his own structures. We show how classroom democratic norms are established through humanizing community-building social practices as we argue that Morning Meetings must be understood across time and activities that may have an academic function
What are the predictors of change in multimorbidity among people with HIV? : a longitudinal observational cohort study
Introduction: Multimorbidity is common among people living with HIV (PLWH), with numerous cross-sectional studies demonstrating associations with older age and past immunosuppression. Little is known about the progression of multimorbidity, particularly in the setting of long-term access to antiretrovirals. This study aims to determine factors predictive of change in multimorbidity in PLWH. Methods: People living with HIV who attended a regional HIV service were recruited to a consented observational cohort between September 2016 and March 2020. Demographic data, laboratory results and a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) were collected at enrolment and first clinical review of every subsequent year. Change in CIRS score was calculated from enrolment to February 2021. Associations with change were determined through univariate and multivariate linear regression. Results: Of 253 people, median age was 58.9 [interquartile range (IQR): 51.9â64.4] years, 91.3% were male, and HIV was diagnosed a median of 22.16 years (IQR: 12.1â30.9) beforehand. Length of time in the study was a median of 134 weeks (IQR: 89.0â179.0), in which a mean CIRS score change of 1.21 (SD 2.60) was observed. Being older (pĂÂ < 0.001) and having a higher body mass index (pĂÂ = 0.008) and diabetes (pĂÂ = 0.014) were associated with an increased likelihood of worsening multimorbidity. PLWH with a higher level of multimorbidity at baseline were less likely to worsen over time (pĂÂ < 0.001). Conclusion: As diabetes and weight predict worsening multimorbidity, routine diabetes screening, body mass index measurement, and multimorbidity status awareness are recommended
Accelerated Electrons in Cassiopeia A: An Explanation for the Hard X-ray Tail
We propose a model for the hard X-ray (> 10 keV) emission observed from the
supernova remnant Cas A. Lower hybrid waves are generated in strong (mG)
magnetic fields, generally believed to reside in this remnant, by shocks
reflected from density inhomogeneities. These then accelerate electrons to
energies of several tens of keV. Around 4% of the x-ray emitting plasma
electrons need to be in this accelerated distribution, which extends up to
electron velocities of order the electron Alfven speed, and is directled along
magnetic field lines. Bremsstrahlung from these electrons produces the observed
hard x-ray emission. Such waves and accelerated electrons have been observed in
situ at Comet Halley, and we discuss the viability of the extrapolation from
this case to the parameters relevant to Cas A.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, aasTeX502, accepted in Ap
RAD1 Controls the Meiotic Expansion of the Human HRAS1 Minisatellite in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Minisatellite DNA is repetitive DNA with a repeat unit length from 15 to 100 bp. While stable during mitosis, it destabilizes during meiosis, altering both in length and in sequence composition. The basis for this instability is unknown. To investigate the factors controlling minisatellite stability, a minisatellite sequence 3âČ of the human HRAS1 gene was introduced into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, replacing the wild-type HIS4 promoter. The minisatellite tract exhibited the same phenotypes in yeast that it exhibited in mammalian systems. The insertion stimulated transcription of the HIS4 gene; mRNA production was detected at levels above those seen with the wild-type promoter. The insertion stimulated meiotic recombination and created a hot spot for initiation of double-strand breaks during meiosis in the regions immediately flanking the repetitive DNA. The tract length altered at a high frequency during meiosis, and both expansions and contractions in length were detected. Tract expansion, but not contraction, was controlled by the product of the RAD1 gene. RAD1 is the first gene identified that controls specifically the expansion of minisatellite tracts. A model for tract length alteration based on these results is presented
Non-take-up of benefits at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic
In this report, we look at the number of people eligible for UC but who didn't claim it, why they didn't claim, and their situation (funded by the Health Foundation)
Accelerated Electrons in Cassiopeia A: Thermal and Electromagnetic Effects
We consider in more detail a model previously proposed for the hard X-ray
(>10 keV) emission observed from the supernova remnant Cas A, whereby electrons
are accelerated by lower-hybrid waves and radiate bremsstrahlung. We consider
both cold and thermal plasma limits of the modified two-stream instability that
generates the lower-hybrid waves, and by studying time dependent ionization
balance for various components of the Cas A ejecta and shocked circumstellar
medium, find locations within the shell where one or other of the instabilities
may occur. Either instability can be effective, with the cold plasma
instability imposing fewer constraints on the shocked reflected ion population
responsible for exciting the waves. The instability must be located in the
ejecta shocked at the earliest times and therefore closest to the contact
discontinuity where magnetic fields are expected to be the strongest. The
energy deposited in this ejecta by collisions between accelerated and ambient
electrons is broadly consistent with that required to reheat this ejecta to
observed temperatures.Comment: 29 pages + 8 figures, accepted for publication by Ap
Reading with drama: relations between texts, readers and experiences
This article explores the intersections of drama and reading, specifically focusing on approaches that are situated within âdrama in education.â Supported with a retrospective analysis, this article portrays the research, related practice and possible futures in drama education in relation to literacy and in particular to reading fiction as meaning making practice. This study is situated in a reassertion of the value of relational literacies through imaginative practices that dramatic modes generate and support. The article disrupts common misconceptions about the purposes and effects of drama in reading and establishes prominent research discourses and definitions across the history of drama and reading practices. By locating paradigmatic and practical opportunities in our analysis of contemporary research, we bring visibility to the intricacies of drama in education as a generative pedagogy in reading as relational meaning making work
The Effective Fragment Molecular Orbital Method for Fragments Connected by Covalent Bonds
We extend the effective fragment molecular orbital method (EFMO) into
treating fragments connected by covalent bonds. The accuracy of EFMO is
compared to FMO and conventional ab initio electronic structure methods for
polypeptides including proteins. Errors in energy for RHF and MP2 are within 2
kcal/mol for neutral polypeptides and 6 kcal/mol for charged polypeptides
similar to FMO but obtained two to five times faster. For proteins, the errors
are also within a few kcal/mol of the FMO results. We developed both the RHF
and MP2 gradient for EFMO. Compared to ab initio, the EFMO optimized structures
had an RMSD of 0.40 and 0.44 {\AA} for RHF and MP2, respectively.Comment: Revised manuscrip
Maximally-localized generalized Wannier functions for composite energy bands
We discuss a method for determining the optimally-localized set of
generalized Wannier functions associated with a set of Bloch bands in a
crystalline solid. By ``generalized Wannier functions'' we mean a set of
localized orthonormal orbitals spanning the same space as the specified set of
Bloch bands. Although we minimize a functional that represents the total spread
sum_n [ _n - _n^2 ] of the Wannier functions in real space, our method
proceeds directly from the Bloch functions as represented on a mesh of
k-points, and carries out the minimization in a space of unitary matrices
U_mn^k describing the rotation among the Bloch bands at each k-point. The
method is thus suitable for use in connection with conventional
electronic-structure codes. The procedure also returns the total electric
polarization as well as the location of each Wannier center. Sample results for
Si, GaAs, molecular C2H4, and LiCl will be presented.Comment: 22 pages, two-column style with 4 postscript figures embedded. Uses
REVTEX and epsf macros. Also available at
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/index.html#nm_wan
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