El derecho a la defensa, en el procedimiento penal militar, en tiempo de paz.

73 p.Ésta memoria se denomina “El Derecho a la Defensa en el Procedimiento Penal Militar, en Tiempo de Paz”, presentando por objetivo constatar el grado de desarrollo que tiene la institución del Derecho a la Defensa en el Procedimiento Penal Militar en Tiempo de Paz. Realizándose una investigación dogmática, con un planteamiento teórico conceptual del problema. Las fuentes principales corresponden a las Fuentes Directas que en Derecho se conforman por las distintas expresiones normativas de orden positivo que nos entrega el Sistema Jurídico; las que luego de un análisis exhaustivo de las fuentes de la investigación, y su exégesis sistémica, se llega a la conclusión de que si bien existe un desarrollo de la institución del Derecho a la Defensa, éste es precario si se compara con el núcleo duro que las modernas corrientes del Derecho Procesal y Penal le entregan al Derecho a la Defensa

Quantitative Tissue Spectroscopy of Near Infrared Fluorescent Nanosensor Implants

Implantable, near infrared (nIR) fluorescent nanosensors are advantageous for in vivo monitoring of biological analytes since they can be rendered selective for particular target molecule while utilizing their unique optical properties and the nIR tissue transparency window for information transfer without an internal power source or telemetry. However, basic questions remain regarding the optimal encapsulation platform, geometrical properties, and concentration ranges required for effective signal to noise ratio through biological tissue. In this work, we systematically explore these variables quantitatively to optimize the performance of such optical nanosensors for biomedical applications. We investigate both alginate and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as model hydrogel systems, encapsulating d(GT)[subscript 15] ssDNA-wrapped single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) as model fluorescent nanoparticle sensors, responsive to riboflavin. Hydrogel sensors implanted 0.5 mm into thick tissue samples cause 50% reduction of initial fluorescence intensity, allowing an optical detection limit of 5.4 mm and 5.1 mm depth in tissue for alginate and PEG gels, respectively, at a SWNT concentration of 10 mg L−1, and 785 nm laser excitation of 80 mW and 30 s exposure. These findings are supported with in vivo nIR fluorescent imaging of SWNT hydrogels implanted subcutaneously in mice. For the case of SWNT, we find that the alginate system is preferable in terms of emission intensity, sensor response, rheological properties, and shelf life.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (T32 Training Grant in Environmental Toxicology ES007020)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P01 CA26731)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant P30 ES002109)Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation (Young Investigator Award)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers)MIT-Technion FellowshipSamsung Scholarship FoundationSanofi Aventis (Firm) (Biomedical Innovation Grant

Targeting the SIN3A-PF1 interaction inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition and maintenance of a stem cell phenotype in triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by a poorly differentiated phenotype and limited treatment options. Aberrant epigenetics in this subtype represent a potential therapeutic opportunity, but a better understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the TNBC pathogenesis is required. The SIN3 molecular scaffold performs a critical role in multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic regulation, and has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Using a competitive peptide corresponding to the SIN3 interaction domain of MAD (Tat-SID), we investigated the functional consequences of selectively blocking the paired amphipathic α-helix (PAH2) domain of SIN3. Here, we report the identification of the SID-containing adaptor PF1 as a factor required for maintenance of the TNBC stem cell phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Tat-SID peptide blocked the interaction between SIN3A and PF1, leading to epigenetic modulation and transcriptional downregulation of TNBC stem cell and EMT markers. Importantly, Tat-SID treatment also led to a reduction in primary tumor growth and disseminated metastatic diseasein vivo. In support of these findings, knockdown ofPF1expression phenocopied treatment with Tat-SID bothin vitroandin vivo. These results demonstrate a critical role for a complex containing SIN3A and PF1 in TNBC and provide a rational for its therapeutic targeting

In vivo biosensing via tissue-localizable near-infrared-fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes are particularly attractive for biomedical applications, because they exhibit a fluorescent signal in a spectral region where there is minimal interference from biological media. Although single-walled carbon nanotubes have been used as highly sensitive detectors for various compounds, their use as in vivo biomarkers requires the simultaneous optimization of various parameters, including biocompatibility, molecular recognition, high fluorescence quantum efficiency and signal transduction. Here we show that a polyethylene glycol ligated copolymer stabilizes near-infrared-fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes sensors in solution, enabling intravenous injection into mice and the selective detection of local nitric oxide concentration with a detection limit of 1 µM. The half-life for liver retention is 4 h, with sensors clearing the lungs within 2 h after injection, thus avoiding a dominant route of in vivo nanotoxicology. After localization within the liver, it is possible to follow the transient inflammation using nitric oxide as a marker and signalling molecule. To this end, we also report a spatial-spectral imaging algorithm to deconvolute fluorescence intensity and spatial information from measurements. Finally, we demonstrate that alginate-encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes can function as implantable inflammation sensors for nitric oxide detection, with no intrinsic immune reactivity or other adverse response for more than 400 days.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (T32 Training Grant in Environmental Toxicology ES007020)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P01 CA26731)National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Grant P30 ES002109)Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation (Young Investigator Award)National Science Foundation (U.S.). Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and EngineersScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 2211 Research Fellowship Programme)Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 2214 Research Fellowship Programme)Middle East Technical University. Faculty Development ProgrammeSanofi Aventis (Firm) (Biomedical Innovation Grant

Author correction: One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

In the version of the article initially published, the affiliation of Edgardo Manuel Latrubesse was incorrect and has now been amended to Environmental Sciences Graduate Program-CIAMB, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil in the HTML and PDF versions of the article

One sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is dependent on river floodplains

Amazonia’s floodplain system is the largest and most biodiverse on Earth. Although forests are crucial to the ecological integrity of floodplains, our understanding of their species composition and how this may differ from surrounding forest types is still far too limited, particularly as changing inundation regimes begin to reshape floodplain tree communities and the critical ecosystem functions they underpin. Here we address this gap by taking a spatially explicit look at Amazonia-wide patterns of tree-species turnover and ecological specialization of the region’s floodplain forests. We show that the majority of Amazonian tree species can inhabit floodplains, and about a sixth of Amazonian tree diversity is ecologically specialized on floodplains. The degree of specialization in floodplain communities is driven by regional flood patterns, with the most compositionally differentiated floodplain forests located centrally within the fluvial network and contingent on the most extraordinary flood magnitudes regionally. Our results provide a spatially explicit view of ecological specialization of floodplain forest communities and expose the need for whole-basin hydrological integrity to protect the Amazon’s tree diversity and its function

Probing the liquid-vapor interface in microstructured heat exchangers

Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).This thesis describes two aspects of a project designed to understand the liquid-vapor interface in microstructured heat exchangers. The two aspects include: design and fabrication of a custom vacuum chamber faceplate and the investigation of the liquid meniscus shape on microstructured devices. The faceplate for the vacuum chamber consisted of two metal components that serve to house and seal a viewport. Addition of the viewport to the chamber was of interest so that experimentation within a pure environment could be conducted.The second component of this project was to map the meniscus profile of water on three different device geometries under various conditions by laser interferometry. The first experiment was a transient study where a droplet of water fully evaporated from the surface. The purpose was to determine how the profile changes as evaporation progresses. As evaporation occurs a more curved meniscus is established within the liquid which causes a greater capillary pressure. The second experiment was a steady state study with the samples partially submerged in water. This aimed to determine the profile that arises when evaporation is balanced by fluid replenishment. The profile that arises after the first several microstructure unit cells remains constant for the remainder of the microstructured region of the sample and the meniscus has the highest curvature near the fluid front, indicating a higher capillary pressure. The final experiment was varying heat applied to the surface. The aim was to determine how the applied heat flux changes the steady state profile. With higher temperature more fluid evaporates from the surface, resulting in an increase of meniscus curvature with increased temperature.by Edgardo Farias.S.B

Pensar Malvinas: Una selección de fuentes documentales, testimoniales, ficcionales y fotográficas para trabajar en el aula

Pensar Malvinas propone un recorrido en torno a la "cuestión Malvinas" para que dicha historia y, en especial, la experiencia de la guerra, sea repensada en las aulas. El libro consta de diversos capítulos en los que se presentan problemáticas relativas a Malvinas, desde la historia del "símbolo" Malvinas hasta la experiencia de la guerra y su reelaboración en democracia, junto con una serie de documentos históricos, políticos, ficcionales y fotográficos y una serie de propuestas pedagógicas para trabajar en la Escuela.Fil: Adamoli, María Celeste. Ministerio de Educacion; ArgentinaFil: Farias, Matías Carlos Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Flachsland, Cecilia. Ministerio de Educacion; ArgentinaFil: Lorenz, Federico Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Luzuriaga, Pablo Ernesto. Ministerio de Educacion; ArgentinaFil: Rosemberg, Violeta. Ministerio de Educacion; ArgentinaFil: Vannucchi, Edgardo. Ministerio de Educacion; Argentin

Groundwater arsenic in the Chaco-Pampean Plain, Argentina: Case study from Robles county, Santiago del Estero Province

In large parts of rural Argentina people depend on groundwater whose As content exceeds the Argentine drinking water standards (0.05 mg l 1). The most affected areas are located in the Chaco-Pampean Plain, where aquifers comprise Tertiary loess deposits (in the Pampean Plain) and Tertiary and Quaternary fluvial and aeolian sediments (in the Chaco Plain). Robles county is located in the alluvial cone of the Dulce River consisting of loess (aeolian), and gravel, silt, sand and clay (alluvial) deposits. In the shallow aquifers, more than 48% of the 63 studied wells show As at toxic levels (maximum 4.8 mg l 1), while in the deep groundwater the concentration is below 0.05 mg l 1. The pH of the shallow groundwaters range between 6.5 and 9 and generally have high electrical conductivity with mean values of 2072 and 1693 mS/cm 1 in the years 1998 and 1999, respectively. Arsenic concentrations are high in the alkaline Na– HCO3 type groundwaters, where As correlates positively with Na+ and HCO3 . Moreover, As correlates positively with Mo, U, and V, while a negative correlation was observed with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The potential sources of groundwater As are: (i) layers of volcanic ash with 90% of rhyolitic glass; (ii) volcanic glass dispersed in the sediments; and (iii) clastic sediments of metamorphic and igneous origin. Great lateral variability in the concentration of groundwater As is caused by several hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical factors.Fil: Bundschuh, J.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Recursos Hidricos; ArgentinaFil: Farias, B.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Recursos Hidricos; ArgentinaFil: Martin, R.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Recursos Hidricos; ArgentinaFil: Storniolo, Angel del Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Recursos Hidricos; ArgentinaFil: Bhattacharya, P.. Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan; SueciaFil: Cortes, J.. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologías. Departamento de Recursos Hidricos; ArgentinaFil: Bonorino, Alfredo Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Albouy, Edgardo René. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin