Variabilidad genética de aislamientos de Salmonella typhimurium (grupo B) obtenidos de hígados de pollo destinados para consumo humano

Se determinó la frecuencia de aislamientos de Salmonella spp en hígados de pollo para venta, en cuatro mercados del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Toluca, México. El aislamiento bacteriológico se realizó de acuerdo a la norma NOM-114-SSA1- 1994 para la determinación de Salmonella en alimentos. Se realizó la prueba de ERIC-PCR para determinar la variedad genética de las cepas de Salmonella aisladas. De un total de 520 muestras incluidas en el estudio, 7 (1.34 %) resultaron positivas a Salmonella serogrupo B (typhimurim). En el ERIC-PCR se observaron cuatro perfiles, encontrando similitud entre cepas de diferentes mercados, lo cual podría indicar que el manejo que se les da a las canales y vísceras es de suma importancia, además que la presencia en hígados de pollo para consumo humano debe ser considerado como una fuente importante de infección, ya que cualquier serovariedad de esta bacteria representa un potencial de infección para el humano

Variabilidad genética de aislamientos de Salmonella typhimurium (grupo B) obtenidos de hígados de pollo destinados para consumo humano

Frequency of Salmonella spp in chicken livers for sale, in four markets of the metropolitan area of Toluca, Mexico, was determined. The bacteriological isolation was carried out according to the Norma Oficial Mexicana-114-SSA1-1994 for Salmonella assessment in food. The ERIC-PCR test was carried out to determine genetic diversity of isolated Salmonella strains. Out of 520 samples included in the study, seven (1.34 %) were positive to Salmonella serotype B (typhimurium). Four profiles were observed in ERIC-PCR, finding similarity among strains from different markets, which may indicate that management of carcasses and viscera is of great importance, also that presence of chicken liver for human consumption must be considered as an important source of infection, since any serotype of this bacterium represents a potential infection for humans.Se determinó la frecuencia de aislamientos de Salmonella spp en hígados de pollo para venta, en cuatro mercados del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Toluca, México. El aislamiento bacteriológico se realizó de acuerdo a la norma NOM-114-SSA1-1994 para la determinación de Salmonella en alimentos. Se realizó la prueba de ERIC-PCR para determinar la variedad genética de las cepas de Salmonella aisladas. De un total de 520 muestras incluidas en el estudio, 7 (1.34 %) resultaron positivas a Salmonella serogrupo B (typhimurim). En el ERIC-PCR se observaron cuatro perfiles, encontrando similitud entre cepas de diferentes mercados, lo cual podría indicar que el manejo que se les da a las canales y vísceras es de suma importancia, además que la presencia en hígados de pollo para consumo humano debe ser considerado como una fuente importante de infección, ya que cualquier serovariedad de esta bacteria representa un potencial de infección para el humano

Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle carcasses and feces in Mexico State

Meat of bovine origin is one of the major vehicles in the transmission of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) to human consumers. This pathogen can produce serious human illness, including bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The aim of the current study was to characterize E. coli isolates (mainly VTEC strains) belonging to several serotypes in samples from cattle carcasses and feces of three municipal slaughter plants from Mexico State. The genetic diversity and molecular relatedness among the isolates was evaluated with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). To our knowledge, and with the exception of E. coli O157:H7, this is the first time that serotypes analyzed here have been subtyped by MLVA in Mexico. MLVA typing grouped the 37 strains from this study into 30 distinct genotypes, 26 of which were unique. These findings indicate that cattle carcasses and feces from slaughter plants in Mexico are a source of VTEC that are genetically diverse in terms of serotypes and virulence profiles. The presence of these pathogens in carcasses indicates the high probability of the spread of VTEC strains during slaughter and processing.Fil: Reyes Rodríguez, Nydia E.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Soriano Vargas, Edgardo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Barba León, Jeannette. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Navarro, Armando. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Talavera Rojas, Martín. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sanso, Andrea Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Bustamante, Ana Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

An evaluation of serotyping of Avibacterium paragallinarum by use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction

In the present study, the ability of a recently proposed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) to determine the serogroups (A, B, and C) of Avibacterium paragallinarum was evaluated. A total of 12 reference strains and 69 field isolates of Av. paragallinarum from Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, and Peru were included in the study. With some exceptions (which were serotyped in the current study), all of the isolates and strains had been previously examined by 2 serotyping schemes (Page and Kume) or were the formal reference strains for the schemes. Three of 6 (50%) reference strains of serogroup A, 2 (100%) of serogroup B, and 1 of 4 (25%) reference strains of serogroup C were correctly serotyped by the mPCR. With the field isolates, the mPCR correctly recognized 16 of the 17 serogroup A isolates, 10 of the 12 serogroup B isolates, and 18 of the 37 serogroup C isolates. Overall, the specificity and sensitivity of the PCR test was as follows: 82.6% and 87.3% (serogroup A), 85.7% and 71.9% (serogroup B), and 46.3% and 100% (serogroup C). The poor performance of the mPCR in terms of recognition of serogroup C isolates (low sensitivity of 46.3%) and the relatively high level of uncertainty about the accuracy of the serogroup A and B results (specificity of 87.3% and 71.9%, respectively) means that the assay cannot be recommended as a replacement for conventional serotyping

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status