215 research outputs found

    Veterans and the Welfare State:: World War II in the Soviet Context

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    Dieser Aufsatz untersucht den Schnittpunkt zwischen dem entstehenden und sich wandelnden sowjetischen Wohlfahrtsstaat einerseits, und gesetzlicher Privilegierung von ehemaligen Soldaten des Zweiten Weltkrieges andererseits. Es wird gezeigt, dass – im Kontrast zu anderen Gesellschaften wie den USA oder Australien – kein kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen Veteranenversorgung und wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Entwicklung besteht. Wohlfahrtspfl ege fĂŒr die breite Bevölkerung und Veteranenversorgung standen vielmehr in Konkurrenz zueinander. Der Aufsatz beginnt mit einem Überblick ĂŒber die sich wandelnde Terminologie, die im sowjetischen Kontext die Kriegsveteranen beschreibt, sowie die mit diesen Konzepten verknĂŒpften, sich ebenfalls wandelnden gesetzlichen Bestimmungen. Der zweite Teil skizziert sodann die Geschichte des sowjetischen Wohlfahrtsstaates, und zeigt auf, dass dieser nicht von der Veteranenversorgung angetrieben wurde. Erst in den spĂ€ten 70er Jahren konvergierten die getrennten Entwicklungslinien der Veteranenversorgung und des Wohlfahrtsstaates. Seit 1978 können wir von Kriegsveteranen als einer „avant garde“ in der Altenversorgung sprechen

    Return of the Monster

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    Variational problems with differential constraints: A geometric approach without Lagrange multipliers

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    AbstractA geometric reformulation of variational problems with differential constraints leads to a characterization of the constaints in terms of a closed differential ideal b of the exterior algebra of differential forms on an appropriately chosen manifold. The collection of all vertical isovector fields of the ideal C is shown to provide a continuous parameterization of all solutions of the constraints through imbedding in a maximal Lie group of point transformations that preserves the constraints. This parameterization provides direct access to necessary and sufficient conditions for stationarity of an action or penalty integral in the presence of the given constraints. Specific examples of control problems with second-order partial differential constraints are given. The penalty functional is allowed to depend on the state variables, the control variables and their first partial derivatives, through both volume integrals and boundary integrals

    Villanelle

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    Die militĂȘre en strategiese posisie van die republiek van Suid Afrika

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    Strategie is nie, soos die ou uitgediende begrip daarvan dit wou hĂȘ, ’n enkele skerp omlynde dogma nie. Dis ’n logiese denkwyse waarvan die doel is om ’n opponerende wil te oorwin. Strategie is dus die nasionale wil van ’n staat in operasionele hoedanigheid. Daarom sou dit ’n rampspoedige benadering vir ’n land soos Suid-Afrika wees om die begrip strategie as beperk tot die militĂȘre terrein te sien. Gevolglik strek strategie oor die hele geĂŻntegreerde terrein van die politiek, die diplomasie, die ekonomie, die psigologic sowel as die terreine van die veiligheidsmagte

    The role of different school organizational models in the psychological adaptation of refugee adolescents

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    Given the high number of refugee children and adolescents around the globe, it is critical to determine conditions that foster their adaptation in the receiving country. This study investigated the psychological adaptation of recently arrived adolescent refugees in Germany. We focused on whether psychological adaptation reflects the organizational approach taken by the school that refugee adolescents initially attended. School is an important context for the development and acculturation of young refugees. As in other European countries, the schooling of refugee adolescents in Germany is organized in different models: separate instruction in newcomer classes, direct immersion in regular classes, and mixed approaches. To answer our research questions, we used self-reported data from 700 refugee adolescents (12-, 14-, and 17-year-olds) in a representative survey of refugees in Germany. As indicators of their psychological adaptation, we analyzed their sense of school belonging, their emotional and behavioral problems, and their life satisfaction. Comparing them to non-refugee peers, the refugee adolescents showed similar levels of psychological adaptation, and an even higher level in the case of school belonging. Multiple regression analyses provide limited support for the assumed advantage of the mixed school organizational model: While students who initially attended a mixed approach reported higher levels of school belonging than those in other models, no differences emerged on the other indicators. We discuss the implications of our findings for the schooling of newly arrived refugees.Bundesministerium fĂŒr Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347Deutsches Institut fĂŒr Wirtschaftsforschung e.V. (DIW Berlin) (3436)Peer Reviewe

    Motivational Strategies for Correctional Practitioners

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    The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of motivational strategies on offender participation in learning. Education is an effective tool to assist offenders to become productive citizens in society. Therefore, the correctional practitioners must have effective motivational methods to impact the educational development of offenders

    Fostering Durable Skills Development: Leveraging Student Worker Programs

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    The past half century has witnessed exponential increases in the cost of a college degree paralleled by an increase of undergraduate students who are employed during matriculation. While the impact on learning outcomes due to off-campus employment continues to receive much attention, there has been little attention paid to students employed on-campus through student worker programs and their benefits, especially in developing durable skills and improving retention. Research has demonstrated that engagement in oncampus activities improves retention and persistence in students. Additionally, employers desire power or durable skills (formerly known as “soft skills”), and that student worker programs are suited to meet this demand. This study proposes to investigate the way student worker programs across institutions support the development of durable skills, how these can be leveraged to improve persistence and completion rates in undergraduates, and how those differ by program. Results indicate that library services represent a model for other functional areas to adopt for student workers in order to improve retention and graduation rates, along with employable skills

    School track and ethnic classroom composition relate to the mainstream identity of adolescents with immigrant background in Germany, but not their ethnic identity

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    Although developing a cultural identity is a core task for adolescents from immigrant families and the school is a highly important context in adolescence, to date, few studies have examined whether adolescents with particular cultural identities cluster in certain school contexts. Using data from a representative German sample including 7702 secondary school students of immigrant background from 1643 classrooms, we examined how the attended school track and four aspects of ethnic classroom composition relate to adolescents' cultural identity (i.e., their ethnic identity and mainstream identity). Two‐level structural equation models indicated that students' ethnic identity was not systematically associated with the attended school track and the ethnic composition of the classroom. However, attending the academic school track, a classroom with a low proportion of classmates with immigrant background and frequently using German with classmates related positively to mainstream identity. Ethnic diversity and proportion of co‐ethnics in class did not relate to mainstream identification. Our findings suggest that the ethnic identity of adolescents with an immigrant background in Germany is largely independent from the different socialisation contexts related to school tracks and the ethnic classroom composition. Yet, students' with a strong mainstream identity cluster in certain school contexts.College for Interdisciplinary Educational Research (CIDER)GemeinnĂŒtzige Hertie‐Stiftung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003493Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Jacobs Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003986Peer Reviewe
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