Peranan Pelatihan Learning Organization pada Perubahan Individu dan Institusi: Pengalaman Kabupaten Cianjur

In order to support local government capacity to implement their role and capacity after the implementation of decentralization policy, The Decentralization Unit of Ministry of Health RI has developed several strategic plans which directed to anticipate decentralization transition, such as learning organization. To objective of this study is to understand the effect of training program on individual and institutional changes in a more strict bureocratic environment. This study is a quasi-experimental study with pre and post intervention study design, several times measurements, and unequally distributed control. The first group receive SLLO training (Xa) and assistance (Xb). The second group is a control group. The study result show that: (1) the LO training is efective to increase knowledge and understanding of the trainees on job perspective, problem solving, self improvement need and distribution to group member (2) The individual level changes include the need to job behavioral improvement, the openness and readiness to record behaviour, more problem analysis, more dialogue and not trapped in surface symptoms, want and need to distribute LO in seminar and training (3) the group and institutional changes has not been seen yet (4) only small effect of individual changes to group level changes, communication needs plenty of time, difficult to conduct dialogue among team members. In sub-district level situation has chenged to a better situation, more effect of individual level cahnges to group level changes, faster communication between group members and easier dialogue

Analisis Demand dan Supply Konsumsi Garam Beryodium Tingkat Rumah Tangga

Nasionaly, the consumption of iodized salt is 62,3% and in Province of West Jawa is 58,3%. The coverage consumption of iodezed in household level in Bekasi city only about 62,14%. The monitoring iodezed salt in household level by district health departemen in 2004 showed that the enough iodezed salt is 51%.This research was conducted to determine the factor analysis of demand and supply of iodized salt consumption at household level in the District of West Bekasi. This iodesed salt udy used cross sectional design. The population that was studied was 110 mothers using chi square test. On the demand factor, the result shows that there is a relationship between knowledge and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. However, there is no relationship between the revenue and the consumption of iodized salt at household level. While in the supply factor, shows that there is no relationship between availability and price in the market and the con- sumption of iodized salt at household level. To improve the coverage of iodized salt consumption at household level, it is required cooperation from various partie

Development of an Instrument for Measuring Women’s Multi-Dimensional Attitudes towards Menopause

The study was undertaken to develop and validate an instrument for measuring cognitive, affective and behavioural aspects of attitudes of women toward menopause. The sample size for the study was 610 women from three Local Government Areas of Enugu in Nigeria. Models within Item Response Theory and Classical Test Theory were used for calibrating the subscales. Analysis of the study indicate that the final three subscales of 33 item met standards for internal reliability, content validity, construct validity, criterion validity and convergent validity. This provides preliminary evidence to guarantee further use of this instrument for the purpose of measuring women’s attitudes toward menopause.   Key words: Instrument, attitude, cognitive, affective, behavioural, item response theory, classical test theory

Sumber Daya Manusia dan Manajemen Organisasi dalam Pelaksanaan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat di Dua Kecamatan di Jakarta Timur

Latar belakang: Prioritas dan fokus kebijakan kesehatan yang berkembang saat ini makin menunjukkan bahwa program public health adalah sama atau bahkan jauh lebih penting daripada tekanan pengobatan dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan penduduk. Meski pemerintah telah meminta puskesmas dan kelurahan fokus pada pengembangan dan pelaksanaan program-program public health, sedikit studi melaporkan kemampuan organisasi pemerintah yang benar-benar mengerjakan fungsi ini. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi hubungan capaian program public health dan apakah capaian itu didukung oleh ketersediaan sumber daya manusia dan kapasitas implementasi program dari organisasi pemerintah. Metode: Data berasal dari “standar pelayanan minimal” kesehatan masyarakat dan “perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat” (PHB), survei dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 46 responden dari 17 puskesmas dan 14 kelurahan di dua kecamatan - Matraman dan Jatinegara - di Jakarta Timur. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa indikator capaian kesehatan di daerah penelitian di kota besar seperti Jakarta adalah lebih rendah dari capaian rata-rata nasional meskipun memiliki ketersediaan sdm yang memadai. Selain itu, kapasitas administrasi dan manajemen proses implementasi di lapangan tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Simpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan paradoks antara ketersediaan sumber daya dan kapasitas yang lemah dalam kolaborasi lintas sektoral dan dalam manajemen implementasi program. Kami mendiskusikan 3 faktor penting yang harus menjadi perhatian dalam pengembangan dan implementasi upaya public health di Jakarta. Pertama, peran lintas sektoral yang jadi kewenangan dari walikota harus mendapat advokasi yang besar dari masyarakat public health. Kedua, administrator kelurahan memiliki kapasitas manajemen implementasi agar program-program dirasakan oleh penduduk setempat. Ketiga, puskesmas memiliki sdm dengan kemampuan manajerial dan bekerja sama dengan sektor lain yang bekerja fokus untuk upaya kesehatan masyarakat

Taxation and the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria

This study examines the impact of taxation on the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria from 2007 to 2019. Data was gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). The study adopted the co-integration and error correction modelling as its technique of analysis. While Company Income Tax (CIT) and Value Added Tax (VAT) were found to have significant impact on the growth of SMEs in Nigeria, Custom and Excise Duty (CEDT) was found to have insignificant impact on their growth. As expected however, the three variables, CIT, VAT and CEDT were found to be inversely related with SMEs growth. The study therefore recommends among others, that for taxation to grow the SMEs, tax policies especially those relating to CIT and VAT should be properly formulated and carefully administered in such a way that such policies directly promote the growth of SMEs. In particular, the government should consider a downward review of the current VAT rate of 7.5%. In addition to reducing tax rates for the SMEs, other incentives, reliefs and allowances such as loss reliefs, pioneer status, tax holidays, capital allowance etc. should be specially packaged for SMEs to enhance their productivity and growth

Pulmonary Hypertension in Systemic Sclerosis

The main cause of death in systemic sclerosis is interstitial lung disease, followed by pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pulmonary hypertension is the result of microvasculopathy which is caused by a disrupted healing process of endothelin damage and is featured by vasoconstriction, proliferation of arterial wall, inflammation, and fibrosis. Reclassification of pulmonary hypertension has led to five distinctive groups. In systemic sclerosis, patients may suffer from pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH, group 1), pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease (group 3), cardiac disease (group 2), and/or thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (group 4). Patients endure declining performance during exercise, but symptoms may be variable and nonspecific. Diagnosis is made by right heart catheterization. To select patients for this invasive procedure, several screening tools are discussed, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels, uric acid levels, spirometry and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCLO), echocardiography (ECG), and the DETECT algorithm. Depending on features such as disease duration, presence of anti-centromere antibodies, and DCLO, three different flow charts for screening are presented. Based on pathophysiology, several medical treatments have been developed like prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, and stimulation of the nitric oxide pathway. Combination therapy as well as lung transplantation and supportive therapy is discussed

Comparative analysis of diagnostic applications of autoscan tools on vehicle systems

The study was carried out in five institutions where motor vehicle mechanics trade is offered as automobile technology which includes, three centers where auto scan tools are used for vehicle repairs and two technical colleges in Enugu state that offer motor vehicle mechanics (MVM) trade. A total of 83 MVM trainers, teachers and instructors comprise the population for the study. Five research questions were raised and three null hypotheses tested at 0.05and 0.01 significance levels guided the study. A structured questionnaire with 3 items questions as checklist, 2 Auto scan tools were used for the study and test carried out on 5 vehicle systems at the 3 centers where Innova 1360B with snap shoot (AST1) was compared with Innova 1360B without snap shoot (AST2) were used for vehicle diagnosis. The instrument was validated by five experts and modifications were made in the instrument according to their recommendations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of a two- way classification experiment data with two observations per experimental unit was used for the evaluation. The results revealed that the efficiencies of AST1 and AST2 in performing the diagnosis because at 1% level of significance, the F-cal was 0.04 and F-tab was 8.65 but differ in performances on various vehicle systems because at 1% level of significance, the F-cal was 7.38 and F-tab was 7.01.Key words: vehicle systems, auto scan - tool, diagnostic application, comparative analysis, evaluation

Potentials of Momordica angustisepala fiber in enhancing strengths of normal portland cement concrete

Presence of cracks in concrete affect the integrity. It reduces the life expectancy of concrete structures and is often responsible for collapse of structures, especially in the developing nations. At the root of these cracks is the very low tensile strength of concrete. Various techniques have been suggested for the enhancing the tensile strength, among which is the use of discontinuous micro fibers of various nature. This research investigated the use of Momordica angustisepala (Ma) fiber to enhance concrete strength. Concrete containing coconut fiber was adopted as a control. Slump test, air entrainment test, compression test and split tensile test were carried out on specimens. Results of the research indicate that an optimum Momordica angustisepala fiber contents of 0.25 and 0.5% enhanced respectively the compressive strength by 4.37% and the tensile strength by 10%. The results clearly show that this renewable material has the potential to enhance the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete