Tubulin polyglutamylation stimulates spastin-mediated microtubule severing

Microtubules with long polyglutamylated C-terminal tails are more prone to severing by spastin, establishing the importance of tubulin posttranslational modifications

CSAP localizes to polyglutamylated microtubules and promotes proper cilia function and zebrafish development

The diverse populations of microtubule polymers in cells are functionally distinguished by different posttranslational modifications, including polyglutamylation. Polyglutamylation is enriched on subsets of microtubules including those found in the centrioles, mitotic spindle, and cilia. However, whether this modification alters intrinsic microtubule dynamics or affects extrinsic associations with specific interacting partners remains to be determined. Here we identify the microtubule-binding protein centriole and spindle–associated protein (CSAP), which colocalizes with polyglutamylated tubulin to centrioles, spindle microtubules, and cilia in human tissue culture cells. Reducing tubulin polyglutamylation prevents CSAP localization to both spindle and cilia microtubules. In zebrafish, CSAP is required for normal brain development and proper left–right asymmetry, defects that are qualitatively similar to those reported previously for depletion of polyglutamylation-conjugating enzymes. We also find that CSAP is required for proper cilia beating. Our work supports a model in which polyglutamylation can target selected microtubule-associated proteins, such as CSAP, to microtubule subpopulations, providing specific functional capabilities to these populations.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant no. GM074746)American Cancer Society. Research Scholar Grant (121776)National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (GM088313

Religious act, public space: reflections on some Geertzian concepts

This paper examines theoretical and methodological implications of Clifford Geertz's approach to religion as he formulated it in 'Religion as a cultural system' (Geertz 1966), where religion and culture seem to be defined as functional equivalents. The paper considers religious symbols in the public space, using two examples from contemporary reality - one being a certain expression spoken by the copilot of Egypt Air Flight 990, the other being the headscarf controversy in France - in order to explore how the anthropologist relates the microsituations he observes to an all-embracing contex

France, Syrie et Liban 1918-1946

Bien qu’appartenant à l’histoire du présent, l’histoire du mandat français en Syrie et au Liban a été ignorée pendant près d’un demi-siècle par les historiens français. Face à ce constat, l’Institut français d’études arabes de Damas a mis en place en septembre 1997 un programme des études mandataires. Les Journées d’études qui se sont tenues à Beyrouth du 27 au 29 mai 1999 et dont cette publication constitue les actes ont été un des achèvements principaux de ce projet. Les contributions qui sont rassemblées dans cet ouvrage se sont proposées d’examiner la période du Mandat en s’appuyant sur des sources écrites « classiques » (presse, mémoires, archives du Foreign Office, du Quai d’Orsay, archives historiques de Damas, etc.), mais également des sources plus spécialisées, comme l’énorme fonds d’archives diplomatiques de Nantes, ou des documents plus spécifiques, comme les archives privées, les ressources audio-visuelles ou l’histoire orale. Partant de là, France, Syrie, Liban 1918-1946 aborde son objet d’étude en se focalisant sur les relations complexes qu’ont entretenus les acteurs français, syriens et libanais, notamment au sein des espaces communs tels que le savoir et la culture, le développement économique et social ou la politique, lieu de confrontations et de négociations. Ce livre, organisé autour de trois grands thèmes (« Le Mandat : savoirs, pratiques et représentations », « Jeux de pouvoir et interactions sociales » et « Les mobilisations populaires : acteurs, enjeux »), souhaite enfin mettre en lumière le caractère multidimensionnel des trois sujets historiques qui ont présidé au destin du nord du Bilad el-Cham entre les deux guerres mondiales

Traces of the Banu Salih in the Syrian steppe? The Fortresses of Qinnasrin and Abu al-Khanadiq

International audienceThe fortifications of the beginning of the Islamic period erected along the border with the Byzantine Empire or within the Muslim domain are not well known. While some are mentioned in texts, few have been identified on the ground, and fewer still have been the object of archaeological studies. This article presents two examples recently discovered in Syria along the margin of the steppe on the territory of the Banu Salih, a dynasty of local governors who were very active in the struggle against the Byzantines at the beginning of the Abbasid period