Asymmetry of temporal cross-correlations in turbulent shear flows

We investigate spatial and temporal cross-correlations between streamwise and normal velocity components in three shear flows: a low-dimensional model for vortex-streak interactions, direct numerical simulations for a nearly homogeneous shear flow and experimental data for a turbulent boundary layer. A driving of streamwise streaks by streamwise vortices gives rise to a temporal asymmetry in the short time correlation. Close to the wall or the bounding surface in the free-slip situations, this asymmetry is identified. Further away from the boundaries the asymmetry becomes weaker and changes character, indicating the prevalence of other processes. The systematic variation of the asymmetry measure may be used as a complementary indicator to separate different layers in turbulent shear flows. The location of the extrema at different streamwise displacements can be used to read off the mean advection speed; it differs from the mean streamwise velocity because of asymmetries in the normal extension of the structures.Comment: 10 pages, 7 Postscript figures (low quality due to downsizing

Double ionization of a three-electron atom: Spin correlation effects

We study the effects of spin degrees of freedom and wave function symmetries on double ionization in three-electron systems. Each electron is assigned one spatial degree of freedom. The resulting three-dimensional Schr\"odinger equation is integrated numerically using grid-based Fourier transforms. We reveal three-electron effects on the double ionization yield by comparing signals for different ionization channels. We explain our findings by the existence of fundamental differences between three-electronic and truly two-electronic spin-resolved ionization schemes. We find, for instance, that double ionization from a three-electron system is dominated by electrons that have the opposite spin

Comparison with excavated and metal-detected finds in the wider region

When Roman objects are discovered in rivers they are commonly interpreted as accidental losses or as rubbish deposits revealed by fluvial erosion; this is in contrast to prehistoric assemblages, which are often seen as ritual offerings

High-temperature liquid-mercury cathodes for ion thrusters Quarterly progress report, 1 Dec. 1966 - 28 Feb. 1967

High temperature liquid mercury cathodes for ion thrusters - thermal design analysi

Assignment of the lattice modes in TCNQ0 single crystals

A complete assignment of the six librational modes of the TCNQ0 crystal has been made employing both polarized Raman spectroscopic measurements and lattice dynamical calculations. Agreement between theory and experiment is good and modes at 40.5, 74.5, and 96 cm-1 are assigned as Ag active and those at 63, 75.5, and 104 cm-1 are Bg active. The lattice modes are found to be clearly separated from the molecular modes. The study emphasizes the importance of crystal optics and quality in the measurement of the polarized Raman spectra of biaxial crystals. The Journal of Chemical Physics is copyrighted by The American Institute of Physics

Restricted space ab initio models for double ionization by strong laser pulses

Double electron ionisation process occurs when an intense laser pulse interacts with atoms or molecules. Exact {\it ab initio} numerical simulation of such a situation is extremely computer resources demanding, thus often one is forced to apply reduced dimensionality models to get insight into the physics of the process. The performance of several algorithms for simulating double electron ionization by strong femtosecond laser pulses are studied. The obtained ionization yields and the momentum distributions of the released electrons are compared, and the effects of the model dimensionality on the ionization dynamics discussed

Statistical analysis of coherent structures in transitional pipe flow

Numerical and experimental studies of transitional pipe flow have shown the prevalence of coherent flow structures that are dominated by downstream vortices. They attract special attention because they contribute predominantly to the increase of the Reynolds stresses in turbulent flow. In the present study we introduce a convenient detector for these coherent states, calculate the fraction of time the structures appear in the flow, and present a Markov model for the transition between the structures. The fraction of states that show vortical structures exceeds 24% for a Reynolds number of about Re=2200, and it decreases to about 20% for Re=2500. The Markov model for the transition between these states is in good agreement with the observed fraction of states, and in reasonable agreement with the prediction for their persistence. It provides insight into dominant qualitative changes of the flow when increasing the Reynolds number.Comment: 11 pages, 26 (sub)figure