Implementation of a land use and spatial interaction model based on random utility choices and social accounting matrices

Random utility modelling has been established as one of the main paradigms for the implementation of land use and transport interaction (LUTI) models. Despite widespread application of such models, the respective literature provides relatively little detail on the theoretical consistency of the overall formal framework of the random utility based LUTI models. To address this gap, we present a detailed formal description of a generic land use and spatial interaction model that adheres to the random utility paradigm through the explicit distinction between utility and cost across all processes that imply behaviour of agents. The model is rooted in an extended input-output table, with the workforce and households accounts being disaggregated by socio-economic type. Similarly, the land account is broken down by domestic and non-domestic land use types. The model is developed around two processes. Firstly, the generation of demand for inputs required by established production; the estimation of the level of demand between sectors, households and land use types is supported by social accounting techniques. When appropriate the implicit production functions are assumed depended on costs of inputs, which gives rise to price-elastic demands. Secondly, the spatial assignment of demanded inputs (industrial activity, workforce, land) to locations of production; here sequences of decisions are used to distribute demand (both spatially and, when necessary, a-spatially) and to propagate costs and utilities of production and consumption that emerge from imbalances between supply and demand. The implementation of this generic model is discussed in relation to the case of the Greater South East region of the UK, including London, the South East and the East of England. We present the calibration process, data requirements, necessary assumptions and resulting implications. We discuss outputs under various land use strategies and economic scenarios, such as regulated versus competing land uses, constrained versus unconstrained densities, and high versus low economic and population growth rates. By adjusting the design constraints of the spatial planning and infrastructure supply strategies we aim to improve their sustainability.

Application of a new spatial computable general equilibrium model for assessing strategic transport and land use development options in London and surrounding regions

This paper reports the application of our new spatial computable general equilibrium (SCGE) model for analyzing the wider effects of strategic transport and land use development options. We examine the insights afforded by a SCGE model relative to those provided by existing land use and transport models into the effectiveness of transport and land use strategies. We start from a static imperfect competition computable general equilibrium model for an open economy, and extend it to incorporate (1) Hicks-neutral agglomeration effects that arise from external increasing returns to scale induced from urbanization and transport improvements, (2) land as an explicit factor input to production, and (3) commuting and migration of labour in a dynamic labour market. These extensions are built on models of constant elasticity of substitution specified for production technology and utility functions, interregional trade pooling, concave-shaped iceberg transport costs, the Armington specification regarding product varieties, the Dixit and Stiglitz type of monopolistic competition among producers, and the concept of the spatial economic mass. Data from London and surrounding regions is used to calibrate and validate the model. We report its applications in studying suburban road capacity expansion, high speed rail links and suburban and exurban land supply. The model results obtained so far are in line with theoretical expectations and provide new quantification of the costs and benefits that feed into the assessment of those strategies. Some on-going and further developments of the model include (1) All exogenous parameters for setting up the model are subject to further refinement from conducting sensitivity tests with respect to the magnitude of the model responses, (2) Flows between zones can in the future be mapped on to transport networks, e.g. through linking to a detailed transport model, and (3) the model may be extended with a recursive dynamic structure for policy analysis by incremental policy horizons

A land use and spatial interaction model based on random utility: theory and social accounting matrices

Random utility modelling has been established as one of the main paradigms for the implementation of land use and transport interaction (LUTI) models. Despite widespread application of such models, the respective literature provides relatively little detail on the theoretical consistency of the overall formal framework of the random utility based LUTI models. To address this gap, we present a detailed formal description of a generic land use and spatial interaction model that adheres to the random utility paradigm through the explicit distinction between utility and cost across all processes that imply behaviour of agents. The model is rooted in an extended input-output table, with the workforce and households accounts being disaggregated by socio-economic type. Similarly, the land account is broken down by domestic and non-domestic land use types. The model is developed around two processes. Firstly, the generation of demand for inputs required by established production; the estimation of the level of demand between sectors, households and land use types is supported by social accounting techniques. When appropriate the implicit production functions are assumed depended on costs of inputs, which gives rise to price-elastic demands. Secondly, the spatial assignment of demanded inputs (industrial activity, workforce, land) to locations of production; here sequences of decisions are used to distribute demand (both spatially and, when necessary, a-spatially) and to propagate costs and utilities of production and consumption that emerge from imbalances between supply and demand. The implementation of this generic model is discussed in relation to the case of the Greater South East region of the UK, including London, the South East and the East of England. We present the calibration process, data requirements, necessary assumptions and resulting implications. We discuss outputs under various land use strategies and economic scenarios, such as regulated versus competing land uses, constrained versus unconstrained densities, and high versus low economic and population growth rates. By adjusting the design constraints of the spatial planning and infrastructure supply strategies we aim to improve their sustainability

Sustainable cities

It is commonly asserted that so-called compact development is the urban form most able to sustainably accommodate growth by reducing travel distances and conserving land, but credible supportive evidence remains limited. This study rigorously and realistically tested the relative performance of spatial options over the next 30 years for three distinct kinds of English city regions. Statistical models first forecast the behavior of people within interacting markets for land and transport. These outputs were then fed to established simulation models to generate 26 indicators measuring the economic efficiency, resource use, social and environmental impact of the spatial options. This permitted an explicit comparison of the costs and benefits of compact against sprawling urban forms for these regions. While the prototypes - i.e. Compaction, Market led development (sprawl), Planned expansion (edge expansion and/or new towns) - were indeed found to differ in their sustainability, no one form was clearly superior. Rather the change to ‘white collar’ lifestyles and associated population growth dominates the impacts on the natural environment and resources, far overwhelming those attributable to spatial urban form.Peer Reviewe

El Barraquismo de Montjuic

Postprint (published version

Sir Leslie Martin. El personaje clave en la reflexión moderna sobre la ciudad inglesa.

Peer Reviewe

Sir Leslie Martin. El personaje clave en la reflexión moderna sobre la ciudad inglesa.

Peer Reviewe

Sir Leslie Martin. El personaje clave en la reflexión moderna sobre la ciudad inglesa.

Peer Reviewe