Relationship between spiritual understanding and meaningfullife with psychological distress in mothers of children exceptional

Birth of exceptional children not only the family but other family members are also affected. Spiritual understanding adaptive use of spiritual information with the aim of facilitating the daily problems and achieve the goal and meaningful life human attitudes to life depend. This study was correlational. The study sample consisted of all mothers of special needs students Andimeshk City and the sample consisted of 147 people mothers simple random sampling method was selected. Information required by the spiritual sense of the scale of King, meaningful life Battista and Almond and psychological distress and Lavebond Lavebond collection and Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate regression analysis, the method of entry were analyzed.The results showed that between spiritual understanding and the meaning of life with psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) mother of gifted children there is a significant negative correlation (p<0/001). This means that with spiritual understanding and meaningful life level of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) mother of gifted children is also reduced. Analyses revealed spiritual understanding and meaningful life significantly psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) mother of gifted children it predicts. Based on the findings we can understand spiritual training and meaningful life as a way to reduce psychological distress mothers of children with exceptional proposed. © Medwell Journals, 2016

Antibiotic resistance pattern and distribution of psla gene among biofilm producing pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste water of a burn center

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a major cause of hospital-acquired infections due to its high antibacterial resistance. Biofilm formation is a well-known pathogenic mechanism in P. aeruginosa infections, since sessile bacteria are protected in an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide. The expression of polysaccharide synthesis locus (pslA gene) can be important for biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and distribution of the pslA gene among biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolates obtained from waste water of Burn Centre in Guilan, Iran. Materials and Methods: Fifty isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from waste water of a burn center. The P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard bacteriological procedures. Drug susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method for all the isolates against nine antimicrobial agents. Biofilm formation was measured by microtiter plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the pslA gene among the isolates. Results: Biofilm formation was observed in 70 of the P. aeruginosa isolates. The potential formation of biofilm was significantly associated with resistance to gentamicin, imipenem, tobramycin and piperacillin. In addition, the pslA gene only existed in biofilm-producing isolates with a frequency of 42.9 (n = 15).Conclusions: The findings of the present study well demonstrated that the P. aeruginosa biofilm-producing isolates were more resistant to the tested antibiotics. Furthermore, because of wide distribution, it seems that the pslA gene is associated with biofilm formation. � 2015, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of sub mucosal Partial Inferior Turbinectomy and Out fracture of Inferior Turbinate in the Nasal Respiratory Function of Rhinoplasty Patients

INTRODUCTION: The inferior turbinate is a critical and dynamic structure during rhinoplasty in the internal valve. Many surgeons try to preventively reduce its resistance against the path in the post-rhinoplasty period. To this end, the two methods of "sub mucosal partial inferior turbinectomy" and "inferior turbinate out fracture" are compared in the present study. METHODS: In this clinical study, 110 rhinoplasty candidates were randomly divided into two groups, namely sub mucosal partial inferior turbinectomy and out fracture of the inferior turbinate. To assess the complications, the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) was used prior to surgical intervention, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months following the rhinoplasty procedures. RESULTS: Based on the results of this clinical study and according to the SNOT-22 questionnaire, there was no significant difference between the two groups prior to surgery and a month following the surgery (P > 0.05). However, the average SNOT-22 score for the sub mucosal partial inferior turbinectomy group was significantly lower than that of the group with the out fracture of the inferior turbinate, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months following the surgery. CONCLUSION: Both "sub mucosal partial inferior turbinectomy" and "out fracture of inferior turbinate" are effective methods in improving the respiratory function of rhinoplasty patients, yet the former method is more effective than the latter as regards improving the respiratory function of patients

Anticonvulsant effects of hesperetin in animal model of pentylenetetrazole-induced-seizures

Background and objective: Hesperetin as the main flavonoid in citrus possesses various pharmacological properties including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the effects of hesperetin on seizures behavior and its function on total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation has been investigated in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures model. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, thirty-five mice were divided into 5 experimental groups as control, saline and hesperetin at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg. Animals received orally the related interventions for 7 days. On day 7, 30 minutes after oral gavage, convulsion was induced by single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PTZ at dose of 60 mg/kg. After recording of convulsion behaviors including latency to myoclonic jerks, latency and duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, time to death, measuring of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) carried out in hippocampus tissues. Findings: Pretreatment with hesperetin at dose of 50 mg/kg significantly increased the latency of myoclonic jerks (hesperetin 50: P=0.0323) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (hesperetin 10: P= 0.0003, hesperetin 20: 0.0017, hesperetin 50: P=0.0040). Hesperetin application at dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of TBARS compared to control group. Any significant difference in FRAP levels was not observed between different experimental groups. Conclusion: The results of study indicate that hesperetin might be effective as supplementary treatment in epilepsy disorder

Evaluating cognitive load of multimedia learning by eye-tracking data analysis

Background and Objectives: Today, it is common to use multimedia in foreign language teaching. There are some principles for designing multimedia that would reduce task cognitive load. These principles are based on the cognitive load theory. The methods of cognitive load measurement are divided into two categories, namely the subjective and objective measurements. NASA-TLX is an example of the subjective measurements; methods such as electroencephalography and eye-tracking are among the objective measurements. Due to the advantages of objective measurements, using these methods is common in cognitive studies. Eye-tracking technology can record different eye-movements of humans such as pupil dilation, saccades, fixations, blinks and microsaccades with a high sampling rate. These measurements are being widely used in cognitive and mental workload studies. In this paper, the cognitive load in multimedia language learning has been evaluated, using eye-tracking data analysis. Methods: Two multimedia versions for teaching English were produced with the same narration and the length of 342s. In one version, the principles in designing multimedia were applied whereas in the other version, they were violated so that more cognitive load in comparison to the former version could be imposed. Ten subjects whose English listening comprehension was assessed with a simulation of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) participated in the experiment and were randomly divided into two equal groups of five. The two groups were homogeneous with respect to their listening proficiency. One group watched the multimedia without principles while the other group watched the multimedia with principles. Then, each individual answered 12 multiple choice questions about the concepts presented in the multimedia as a performance test. During watching the multimedia and taking the performance test, the participants’ eye movement data were recorded. Then, each person filled out the NASA-TLX Questionnaire. Based on the results of the performance test and the NASA-TLX, the difficulty level of the multimedia without principles as compared to its version with principles was evaluated. The collected data were divided into blocks of 30 seconds. Findings: Based on the NASA-TLX, the group who watched multimedia without principles experienced more cognitive load in comparison to the group who watched multimedia with principles, which approved our assumption about the higher load of the multimedia without principles. However, no significant difference was found in the results of the performance test between the two groups. According to statistical analyses, the pupil diameter, saccade length, saccade velocity, blink latency, and microsaccade amplitude in the multimedia blocks of both groups were significantly different. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the fixation time, the fixation rate, and the microsaccade rate. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, pupil dilation, saccade length, saccade velocity, blink latency, and microsaccade amplitude have a significant relationship with the amount of the load imposed by the instructional multimedia which corresponds to the literature review of the study. Based on the results of this study, along with the subjective methods, eye movement data can also be considered as an appropriate tool for assessing the cognitive load imposed by multimedia learning and qualifying the multimedia instructional content. A significant difference was also found between the two groups in the study in terms of their blinking rate.  More investigation and different experiments are needed for examining other eye movement criteria that have been investigated in this study, including fixation time, fixation rate, and microsaccade rate so that a more definitive conclusion would be reached regarding a significant relationship between these parameters and the mental load imposed by the multimedia English teaching.     ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2021 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Helicobacter pylori evasion strategies of the host innate and adaptive immune responses to survive and develop gastrointestinal diseases

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterial pathogen that resides in more than half of the human population and has co-evolved with humans for more than 58,000 years. This bacterium is orally transmitted during childhood and is a key cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and two malignant cancers including MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma and adenocarcinoma. Despite the strong innate and adaptive immune responses, H. pylori has a long-term survival in the gastric mucosa. In addition to the virulence factors, survival of H. pylori is strongly influenced by the ability of bacteria to escape, disrupt and manipulate the host immune system. This bacterium can escape from recognition by innate immune receptors via altering its surface molecules. Moreover, H. pylori subverts adaptive immune response by modulation of effector T cell. In this review, we discuss the immune-pathogenicity of H. pylori by focusing on its ability to manipulate the innate and acquired immune responses to increase its survival in the gastric mucosa, leading up to gastrointestinal disorders. We also highlight the mechanisms that resulted to the persistence of H. pylori in gastric mucos

A Stable Biologically Motivated Learning Mechanism for Visual Feature Extraction to Handle Facial Categorization

The brain mechanism of extracting visual features for recognizing various objects has consistently been a controversial issue in computational models of object recognition. To extract visual features, we introduce a new, biologically motivated model for facial categorization, which is an extension of the Hubel and Wiesel simple-to-complex cell hierarchy. To address the synaptic stability versus plasticity dilemma, we apply the Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) for extracting informative intermediate level visual features during the learning process, which also makes this model stable against the destruction of previously learned information while learning new information. Such a mechanism has been suggested to be embedded within known laminar microcircuits of the cerebral cortex. To reveal the strength of the proposed visual feature learning mechanism, we show that when we use this mechanism in the training process of a well-known biologically motivated object recognition model (the HMAX model), it performs better than the HMAX model in face/non-face classification tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate that our proposed mechanism is capable of following similar trends in performance as humans in a psychophysical experiment using a face versus non-face rapid categorization task

Genetics of intellectual disability in consanguineous families

Autosomal recessive (AR) gene defects are the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID) in countries with frequent parental consanguinity, which account for about 1/7th of the world population. Yet, compared to autosomal dominant de novo mutations, which are the predominant cause of ID in Western countries, the identification of AR-ID genes has lagged behind. Here, we report on whole exome and whole genome sequencing in 404 consanguineous predominantly Iranian families with two or more affected offspring. In 219 of these, we found likely causative variants, involving 77 known and 77 novel AR-ID (candidate) genes, 21 X-linked genes, as well as 9 genes previously implicated in diseases other than ID. This study, the largest of its kind published to date, illustrates that high-throughput DNA sequencing in consanguineous families is a superior strategy for elucidating the thousands of hitherto unknown gene defects underlying AR-ID, and it sheds light on their prevalence

How Can Selection of Biologically Inspired Features Improve the Performance of a Robust Object Recognition Model?

Humans can effectively and swiftly recognize objects in complex natural scenes. This outstanding ability has motivated many computational object recognition models. Most of these models try to emulate the behavior of this remarkable system. The human visual system hierarchically recognizes objects in several processing stages. Along these stages a set of features with increasing complexity is extracted by different parts of visual system. Elementary features like bars and edges are processed in earlier levels of visual pathway and as far as one goes upper in this pathway more complex features will be spotted. It is an important interrogation in the field of visual processing to see which features of an object are selected and represented by the visual cortex. To address this issue, we extended a hierarchical model, which is motivated by biology, for different object recognition tasks. In this model, a set of object parts, named patches, extracted in the intermediate stages. These object parts are used for training procedure in the model and have an important role in object recognition. These patches are selected indiscriminately from different positions of an image and this can lead to the extraction of non-discriminating patches which eventually may reduce the performance. In the proposed model we used an evolutionary algorithm approach to select a set of informative patches. Our reported results indicate that these patches are more informative than usual random patches. We demonstrate the strength of the proposed model on a range of object recognition tasks. The proposed model outperforms the original model in diverse object recognition tasks. It can be seen from the experiments that selected features are generally particular parts of target images. Our results suggest that selected features which are parts of target objects provide an efficient set for robust object recognition