Government Wilayah Al-Faqih in Iran and Contemporary Global Challenges

Today, despite all pressures and sanctions of the global politic, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has its own place in the hearts of freedom seeking people all over the world and every day, its progress and grandeur is improving. Therefore, progress of Islamic Iran during the last four decades is not something covered to all people and declaring these challenges across the society will lead to hopefulness and increase of resistance of people against these plots. Discussing the challenges of the Islamic Revolution and picturing them is a great and basic necessity of the present time. Therefore, this paper tends to clarify the most important challenges of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, from the very beginning to the present time, under the Islamic government based upon the Government of Wilayah Al-Faqih. On the contrary of propaganda of the enemies of the Islamic government, Islamic Revolution of Iran has faced great and eye catching progress in political, cultural, economic, scientific, technological, military, and intelligence areas despite all obstacles and limited facilities and now has reached a high position throughout the region and the world

Determining features for discriminating PTB and normal lungs using phase congruency model

The appearance of the infected zone on the digital chest X-ray image for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) does not conform to standard shape, size or configuration. This study uses phase congruency (PC(x)) values to gather information from transition of adjacent pixel values that may be used as features to represent known disease type. The feature vector consisting of the average, variance, coefficient of variation and maximum PC(x)-values was found to be able to detect PTB with high accuracy

Curve Number Method Runoff Estimation in the Kardeh Watershed, Iran

The major problem in the assessment of the relationship between rainfall and runoff occurs when a study is carried out in ungauged watersheds, in particular, the absence of hydro-climatic data. This study aims to determine the runoff depth using NRCS-CN method with GIS and the effect of slope on runoff generation in the Kardeh watershed, located between 59º 26´ 3˝ to 59º 37´ 17˝ E longitude and 36º 37´ 17˝ to 36º 58´ 25˝ N latitude, about 42 km north of Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number (USDA-NRCS-CN) method was applied for estimating the runoff depth in the semi-arid Kardeh watershed. Hydrologic soil group, land use and slope maps were generated in GIS environment. The curve number values from NRCS standard tables were assigned to the intersected hydrologic soil groups and land use maps to generate CN values map. The curve number method was followed to estimate runoff depth for selected storm events in the watershed. Effect of slope on CN values and runoff depth was determined. Estimated runoff depth and slope-adjusted runoff depth were statistically compared with the corresponding observed runoff data. Pair wise comparisons by the t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and percent error were used to investigate the accuracy of estimated data and relationship between estimated and observed runoff depth. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the means of observed and estimated runoff depths (P > 0.05). Fairly positive correlations were detected between observed with estimated runoff and slope-adjusted runoff depth (r = 0.55; P < 0.01) and (r = 0.56; P < 0.01), respectively. About 9 % and 6 % of the estimated and slope-adjusted runoff values were within ±10% of the recorded values, respectively. In addition, about 43 and 37 percent of the estimated and slope-adjusted values were in error by more than ±50 %, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that percent error of estimated slope-adjusted runoff depth was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the percent error of estimated runoff depth. This decline in percent error can be explained by the role of slope in runoff generation in steep slope watershed. The results of study indicated that the CN is an effective method for homogenous watersheds in terms of land use, soil, and climate rather than heterogeneous ones like Kardeh watershed. In such watersheds it can be employed with about 60 percent accuracy only for management and conservation purposes however and probably not for computation of design floods. Keywords: Curve Number, Geographic Information System, Kardeh watershed, Slope-adjusted runoff dept

Characterization of Red Diamondback Rattlesnake Venom Proteins on Cell Death and Function

Snake venom is composed of many different toxins and protein components such as metalloproteases and phospholipase A2. Together, these proteins cause an up regulation in cell death pathways and disrupt the overall homeostasis of a living cell. The Red Diamondback Rattlesnake is abundantly available and well-known specie and has been used as a source for development of new drugs. It has been mainly used for the purposes of making anti-venom but it has also been therapeutically used for surgical purposes to act as an anti-aggregate. Integrins derived from RDB venom has been used for cancer cell treatment as well. Specifically a hemotoxic venom, RDB venom contains high concentrations of the toxin Ruberlysin; also known as Hemorrhagic Toxin II. An animal or human bitten by a RDB snake will experience localized tissue swelling, pain, bruising, as well as necrosis at the bit site. Systematically, the venom will cause excess internal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, and due to being hemotoxic venom, it will cause hemolysis. Due to its rich protein content as well as possible therapeutic purposes, RDB venom proves to hold the potential for studying cancer. The purpose of this research is to test the effects of Red Diamond Back rattlesnake venom protein components on different neuronal and lung cell lines, identify specific protein components and determine the venom\u27s effects on specific cellular functions, i.e., intracellular prohormone trafficking and surfactant lipid secretion. To understand how the venom components work, the venom was fractionated by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography and desalted through membrane dialysis using ddH2O. Neuro-2A and lung cells were incubated with individual snake venom fractions at different concentrations and over a 6 hour time. After analysis by specific cell death assays, i.e., MTT, LDH, propidium iodide, annexin and Hoechst, several specific fractions were observed to cause cell death, while other fractions appeared to cause an increase in proliferation. Furthermore, chromogreanin A trafficking to punctate granules characteristic of the regulated secretory pathway was disupted in the Neuro-2a cells. Likewise, secretion of surfactant lipids appeared to be enhanced for several lipids from the lung cells exposed to snake venom fractions. Specific RDB venom protein fractions were tryptically digested, spotted to a MALDItarget and sequenced using a Bruker Autoflex III MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometer. Ion data was collected and sent to an in-house MASCOT server database, which identified Hemorrhagic toxin (II), myotoxin, and apoxin I. The results from our study suggest that FPLC-cation exchange is a good first pass scheme for separating snake venom proteins, and that these separated proteins appear to have unique characteristics for cell death, proliferation and functionality

Nilpotent maximal subgroups of GLn(D)

AbstractIn [S. Akbari, J. Algebra 217 (1999) 422–433] it has been conjectured that if D is a noncommutative division ring, then D∗ contains no nilpotent maximal subgroup. In connection with this conjecture we show that if GLn(D) contains a nilpotent maximal subgroup, say M, then M is abelian, provided D is infinite. This extends one of the main results appeared in [S. Akbari, J. Algebra 259 (2003) 201–225, Theorem 4]