19,149 research outputs found
Rota-Baxter Algebras and Dendriform Algebras
In this paper we study the adjoint functors between the category of
Rota-Baxter algebras and the categories of dendriform dialgebras and
trialgebras. In analogy to the well-known theory of the adjoint functor between
the category of associative algebras and Lie algebras, we first give an
explicit construction of free Rota-Baxter algebras and then apply it to obtain
universal enveloping Rota-Baxter algebras of dendriform dialgebras and
trialgebras. We further show that free dendriform dialgebras and trialgebras,
as represented by binary planar trees and planar trees, are canonical
subalgebras of free Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: Typos corrected and the last section on analog of
Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt theorem deleted for a gap in the proo
Free Rota-Baxter algebras and rooted trees
A Rota-Baxter algebra, also known as a Baxter algebra, is an algebra with a
linear operator satisfying a relation, called the Rota-Baxter relation, that
generalizes the integration by parts formula. Most of the studies on
Rota-Baxter algebras have been for commutative algebras. Two constructions of
free commutative Rota-Baxter algebras were obtained by Rota and Cartier in the
1970s and a third one by Keigher and one of the authors in the 1990s in terms
of mixable shuffles. Recently, noncommutative Rota-Baxter algebras have
appeared both in physics in connection with the work of Connes and Kreimer on
renormalization in perturbative quantum field theory, and in mathematics
related to the work of Loday and Ronco on dendriform dialgebras and
trialgebras.
This paper uses rooted trees and forests to give explicit constructions of
free noncommutative Rota--Baxter algebras on modules and sets. This highlights
the combinatorial nature of Rota--Baxter algebras and facilitates their further
study. As an application, we obtain the unitarization of Rota-Baxter algebras.Comment: 23 page
Commissioning of the new multi-layer integration prototype of the CALICE tile hadron calorimeter
The basic prototype of a tile hadron calorimeter (HCAL) for the International
Linear Collider (ILC) has been realised and extensively tested. A major aspect
of the proposed concept is the improvement of the jet energy resolution by
measuring details of the shower development and combining them with the data of
the tracking system (particle flow). The prototype utilises scintillating tiles
that are read out by novel Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) and takes into
account all design aspects that are demanded by the intended operation at the
ILC. Currently, a new 12 layer prototype with about 3400 detector channels is
under development. Alternative architectures for the scintillating tiles with
and without wavelength-shifting fibres and tiles with individual wrapping with
reflector foil is tested as well as different types of SiPMs. The new prototype
was used for the first time at the CERN Proton Synchrotron test facility in
fall 2014. Additionally, detector modules for the CALICE scintillator-based
Electromagnetic Calorimeter (Sc-ECAL), that follow the proposed HCAL
electronics architecture, were part of this new prototype. A new multi-layer
Data Acquisition System (DAQ) was used for the detector configuration and
operation.Comment: 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference
and 21st Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray
Detectors (NSS/MIC 2014 / RTSD 2014
Dendriform Equations
We investigate solutions for a particular class of linear equations in
dendriform algebras. Motivations as well as several applications are provided.
The latter follow naturally from the intimate link between dendriform algebras
and Rota-Baxter operators, e.g. the Riemann integral or Jackson's q-integral.Comment: improved versio
Interaction between high-level and low-level image analysis for semantic video object extraction
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