The Effect of Intellectual Transformation for Postmodernism on Structure Plans in Iraq

The intellectual transformations that followed the Second World War sought to find radical solutions to the challenges faced by the world city in the reconstruction process and how to transform the spatial dimension of these cities into a productive component of production rather than a challenge to the weak potential of the spatial plan. The intellectual movement known as postmodernism, affecting on all the concepts at this stage as an intellectual reaction to what the global system of challenges of capitalism and its effects on the restriction of building the spatial dimension, both within cities or outside it, which included the basic concepts that dealt with the spatial plan and what the principles according to the spatial dimension, research, trying to detect the effectsof this movement and its relationship to dimension and strategic thinking to develop structural plans in Iraq

Simulation of fracture strength improvements of a human proximal femur using finite element analysis.

The most common hip fracture in the elderly occurs as a result of a fall to the side with impact over the greater trochanter resulting in a fracture of the proximal femur. The fracture usually involves the femoral neck or the intertrochanteric region. It has recently been determined that the fracture crack of a hip fracture typically initiates on the superior-lateral cortex of the femoral neck and then propagates across the femoral neck, resulting in a complete fracture. The strength of the superior-lateral cortex of the femoral neck is likely determined by the combined properties of the generally thin cortex (outer layer) and the underlying trabecular bone in this region. The objective of this study was to determine the relative effects of increasing or decreasing the thickness of these bone tissues on the overall failure strength of the proximal femur. The clinical significance of this work relates to hip fracture risk with various potential treatment options to improve either cortical or trabecular bone quality. A human femur obtained from a 68 year old female donor was scanned using computed tomography at 60-micron voxel resolution and a series of high-resolution finite element models were generated. The models were constructed with a base-element dimension of 120 microns and models included a basic model with cortical and trabecular thicknesses representative of the cadaver specimen from the original scan. Other models used a standardized algorithm to either dilate or erode the trabecular and cortical bone compartments of the femoral neck so that a total of nine models were created including the basic model. Each model was used to simulate a fall-to-the-side loading condition with appropriate boundary and loading conditions as used in previous models and experiments. An experimental test of the cadaver femur was also performed with three strain gauges placed on the proximal femur: on the superior-lateral cortex, on the inferior-medial cortex, and on the medial cortex positioned distal to the lesser trochanter. This femur was loaded at a rate of 100 mm/s until fracture of the femoral neck using a standard fall-to-the-side setup and the applied load and gauge strains were recorded. The femur neck fractured at a load of 2140 N. To validate the basic finite element model, the strain gauge strains at the load levels of 1000 N and 2000 N were compared to the calculated strains from the basic model at the same loads and same location as the gauge on the cadaver femur. After the basic model was validated, a failure criterion was determined as the volume percentage of the elements in the model that had exceeded 7000 µε at the failure load corresponding to the load at which the cadaver femur failed. Subsequently, this failure criterion was applied to the other eight models as a parametric analysis to estimate the increase or decrease in failure strength caused by the changes in cortical and trabecular thickness. The validation test results showed that the basic finite element model calculated strain on the superolateral cortex was within 2.1% of the experimentally measured strain at 1000 N loading. The validated basic model was then used to determine that the percentage of finite elements (by volume of the model) in excess of 7000 µε at the failure load was 4.2%. This failure criterion was then used to estimate the failure load for the other eight models with different combinations of either thicker (+120 µm) or thinner (-120 µm) cortex and trabeculae in the femoral neck. The calculated failure loads ranged from 324 N for the model with thinned cortex and thinned trabeculae to 3336 N for the model with thickened cortex and thickened trabeculae. The model with normal cortex and thickened trabeculae had a failure load of 3242 N, which is only 2.8% less than the strongest case. The largest single parameter effect on proximal femoral strength is realized by an increase in trabecular thickness. This is somewhat surprising considering that cortical bone is typically stronger than cancellous bone. However, the spatial arrangement of trabecular bone and the buttress support it provides to the thin cortex apparently plays an important role in the ability of a global increase in thickness to have a significant beneficial effect

The impact of using electronic mental maps to develop creative thinking of students in the design of expressive clothes

E-Mapping is an active learning strategy and an effective tool for memory enhancement and retrieval and generating new and unfamiliar creative ideas, where it helps to accelerate learning and knowledge discovery faster by drawing a blueprint that illustrates the basic concept and the main ideas and subsidiary and conducts this self-learning activity, From this, the idea of the research was determined in an attempt to develop the mental maps in accordance with the expressive fashion design course for the students of the master program in the clothing and textile department at the Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdulaziz University, through the use of electronic mental maps in the development of creative thinking of students in the design of expressive clothing, the problem of research has been identified in the following questions: What is the possibility to use of electronic mental maps in the design of expressive clothing?What is the impact of the use of electronic mental maps in the development of creative thinking of students in the design of expressive clothes? The aim of the research was to use electronic mental maps in the design of expressive clothing, and measuring the impact of the use of electronic mental maps in the development of creative thinking of students in the design of expressive clothes, and to highlight the role played by mental maps strategy in the educational situation in opening the way for students to recognize and express their creativity and express it. The research followed the semi-experimental approach using one-set design (pre/ post) with the aim of identifying the impact of the independent variable (use of mental maps) on the dependent variable (creative thinking of female students). The experimental study was applied to the number of (9) students of the master's program in Specialty (Fashion Design) at the Department of Clothing and Textiles, Faculty of Home Economics, King Abdul Aziz University. Using the scale of creative performance of students (tribal / post). The results showed that the statistical value of "z" is a function at (α≤0.05) level, indicating a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group's students in the tribal and post application on the scale of creative performance (as a whole) In each component of its components (fluency, flexibility, originality) in favor of the post-performance, Thus, the researcher can accept the hypothesis, which states: There is a statistically significant difference at the level (α≤0.05) between the average grades of the students of the experimental group in the tribal and post application on the scale of creative performance (as a whole) In each component of its components (fluency, flexibility, originality) for the benefit of telemetry. the researcher can attribute the disparity in performance on the scale of creative performance (as a whole) to the effect of processing using the electronic mental maps in which the researcher used appropriate teaching methods to achieve the objectives of specific teaching positions, in which the students move from teaching method to another method. The researcher recommended the application of the study in the mental maps to other courses that need to acquire knowledge skills to improve the teaching process, and to search for and focus on all that is new and new in the educational process, especially the modern teaching strategies and conducting similar research in clothing and textile courses. Keywords: Electronic mental maps, Creative thinking, Design of Expressive Clothes, Clothing and Textile students, King Abdul Aziz University

Image Processing of Surface in Cad/Cam Applications

بسبب  صعوبة إعادة تشكيل السطح الثلاثي (3D) من الصور الثنائية (2D)من حيث الحصول على اعلى دقة مقارنة بالسطح الأصلي فقد تم اعتماد معالجة صور السطح بعد إعادة تشكيلها من تجميع الصور الثنائية (2D) وتطبيق الفلاتر المختلفة للوصول للصورة الأقرب للسطح الأصلي قيد التجربة . حيث تم تجربة طرق: Median  و, Laplacian   فقد وجد ان مشغل     Median اعطى افضل معالجة للسطح حيث تم اعتماده لإيجاد مسار العدة من خلال نقاط السطح لغرض تشغيله باستخدام  ماكنة التفريز المبرمجة.Because of difficulty of Reconstructing 3D surface from the 2D captured images in terms of getting a higher resolution compared with the original surface so it has been adopted treatment of surface images after reconstructing the surface by of assembling all 2D im- ages and apply various filters to get the surface closest to the original surface of the sample under test. Various ways have been applied such as Laplacian and Median. It has been found that Median operator gave the best treatment to the surface where it was adopted to find the toolpath through the surface points for the purpose of machining using a CNC milling machine. &nbsp

Wing and body motion during flight initiation in Drosophila revealed by automated visual tracking

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used model organism in studies of genetics, developmental biology and biomechanics. One limitation for exploiting Drosophila as a model system for behavioral neurobiology is that measuring body kinematics during behavior is labor intensive and subjective. In order to quantify flight kinematics during different types of maneuvers, we have developed a visual tracking system that estimates the posture of the fly from multiple calibrated cameras. An accurate geometric fly model is designed using unit quaternions to capture complex body and wing rotations, which are automatically fitted to the images in each time frame. Our approach works across a range of flight behaviors, while also being robust to common environmental clutter. The tracking system is used in this paper to compare wing and body motion during both voluntary and escape take-offs. Using our automated algorithms, we are able to measure stroke amplitude, geometric angle of attack and other parameters important to a mechanistic understanding of flapping flight. When compared with manual tracking methods, the algorithm estimates body position within 4.4±1.3% of the body length, while body orientation is measured within 6.5±1.9 deg. (roll), 3.2±1.3 deg. (pitch) and 3.4±1.6 deg. (yaw) on average across six videos. Similarly, stroke amplitude and deviation are estimated within 3.3 deg. and 2.1 deg., while angle of attack is typically measured within 8.8 deg. comparing against a human digitizer. Using our automated tracker, we analyzed a total of eight voluntary and two escape take-offs. These sequences show that Drosophila melanogaster do not utilize clap and fling during take-off and are able to modify their wing kinematics from one wingstroke to the next. Our approach should enable biomechanists and ethologists to process much larger datasets than possible at present and, therefore, accelerate insight into the mechanisms of free-flight maneuvers of flying insects

Method Devolopment and Validation of Antineoplastic Drug in Solid Dosage form Using HPLC Method

INTRODUCTION: The Importance Of Newer Analytical Method: Drug analysis entails identification, characterization and determination of drugs in mixtures such as dosage forms and biological fluids. The number of drugs acquainted into the market has been increasing at an alarming rate. These drugs may be either new entity in the market or partial structural modifications of the existing drug. Newer analytical methods are developed for these drugs or drug combinations of the following reasons: The drug or drug combinations mayn‟t be official in any pharmacopoeia. Exploring literature may not reveal an analytical method for the drug or its combinations. Analytical methods may not be available for the drug combination due to the interference caused by excipients. Analytical methods for the quantification of drug or drug combination from biological fluid may not be available or usable. Analytical methods for a drug in combination with other drugs may not be available. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The number of drugs and drug formulations introduced into the market has been increasing at an alarming rate. These drugs or formulations may be either new entities in the market or partial structural modifications of the existing drug or novel dosage forms. Most of the pharmaceutical industries rely upon quantitative chemical analysis to ensure that the raw material used and the final product thus obtained meets certain specifications and to determine how much of each component present in the final product. Standard analytical procedures for these drugs or formulations may not be available to develop newer analytical methods which are accurate, precise, specific, linear, simple and rapid. Moreover in the early part of the century only colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used for drug analysis due to reasons of economy and easy availability. These methods, however, are used to lesser extent today because they lack specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. The modern method of choice of assays is High – Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which is a powerful and rugged method. It is also extremely precise, accurate, sensitive, specific, linear and rapid. The objective of the present research is to develop and validate a precise, accurate and robust method for the estimation of Cyclophosphamide from tablet dosage form and the extensive literature survey carried out revealed that several methods have been reported for simultaneous estimation of Cyclophosphamide i.e., in combination with other drugs. However, there is no method reported for individual estimation in solid dosage form. SUMMARY: 1. Opens with introduction giving a brief account of various aspects like chromatography, analytical method development and validation. 2.Explains about the drug profile of drug and literature review of various papers regarding about the drug. The chromatographic conditions from the papers were considered for developing new analytical method for Cyclophosphamideby RP-HPLC. 3.Explains the aim & objective of present investigation adopted for selected drugs. 4.Explains about the plan of the work. 5.Contains the materials used for the study. 6.Containsexperimental investigation regarding theinformation about the chromatographic conditions of various method development trials and procedures for analytical method validation as per ICH guidelines. CONCLUSION: a)Consists of results obtained and the discussions about the results indicating the acceptance of the results. Tables of the results obtained for validation have been included below. b) Contains the summary of the research and conclusion. c) Contains the references form which information of the titled drugs and introduction of general methodology was collected

The Impact of Governmental Price Policy on the Economic Returns of the Barley Crop Farmers in Jordan

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of governmental price policy on barley production in Amman governarate, Jordan. Using a quantitative mathematical analysis method; policy analysis matrix (PAM) approach. In this study, primary data were collected by personal interviews to farmers in the target area while secondary data were collected from different resources. According to the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach, results showed that the values of the nominal protection (NPC) and effective protection coefficients (EPC) for barley 1.79 , 3.94 respectively. Thus, a clear government intervention was observed;.there was a subsidy for agricultural producer . Keywords: Barley, Price Policy, Nominal Protection Coefficient, Effective Protection Coefficient

Work-Related Stressors, Coping Strategies: Its Relation to Job Performance and Perceived Organizational Support among Critical Care Nurses

Context: Work-related stressors are a world phenomenon. It results in a variety of diseases or disorders in terms of physical, psychological, and behavioral. It is commonly associated with jobs that require a lot of direct interactions with clients such as nurses that could affect nurses' job performance and cause high costs for the hospital. A problem needs a sense of support from the organization. Aim: The present study was aimed to assess work-related stressors, coping strategies, and its relation to job performance and perceived organizational support among critical care nurses. Methods: The study was conducted at Critical Care Units at Benha University Hospital. Subjects: All staff nurses (235) who working at Critical Care Units at Benha University Hospital. A descriptive correlational design was utilized. Four tools were employed in this study, Work-Related Stressors Assessment Questionnaire, The Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS), Nurses' job Performance evaluation (observational checklist), and Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire. Results: This study's findings indicated that nearly three-fifths (60.4%) of staff nurses had a moderate level of work-related stressor. Also, about two-thirds (63.90%) of them had a high level of coping strategies and, about two-thirds (65.90%) of staff nurses had a moderate level of perception of organizational support and nearly half (49.80%) of nurses had a low level of performance. Conclusions: The present study concluded that nurses reported a moderate perception level regarding work-related stressors and organizational support. While nurses reported a high level of coping strategies and a low level of job performance, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the total score of work-related stressors and nurses' job performance. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between coping strategies and nurses' job performance. A statistically significant positive correlation was revealed between total perceived organizational support and total level of nurses' job performance. The study recommended that hospital administration organize seminars and workshops for nurses targeted at specific sources of stress like conflict resolution, workload, and time management. Efforts to improve nurses' performance must be performed, aiming to increase nurses' ability to complete tasks assigned to them through education and training

The Sovereignty dispute over The Gulf Islands : Abu Musa, Greater and Lesser Tunbs

No abstract available