Re-imagining the Iron Triangle: Embedding Sustainability into Project Constraints

Since the emergence of the formal discipline of project management, academics and practitioners have sought to define criteria against which project success can be measured. Perhaps the most well known criteria are encapsulated in the ‘Iron Triangle’ that places Cost Time and Quality at the center of project success. However it has been suggested that whilst this triple constraint is important, it can also narrow the focus away from other crucial project success factors. One area that is gaining prominence within the field of project management is the consideration of sustainability principles and there is an increasing understanding of the need to develop methods, tools and techniques to integrate sustainability criteria into the management of projects. This paper presents the results of an empirical study in which project managers were asked to re-draw the traditional Iron Triangle with the inclusion of sustainability. The results of the study indicate that whist sustainability is seen by practitioners as a key factor to be included in project planning and implementation, there is disagreement as to where the issue sits in relation to traditional time, cost, quality constraints and how sustainability principles should be integrated into projects

Later Medieval Metaphysics: Ontology, Language, & Logic, edited by Charles Bolyard & Rondo Keele.

This volume contains ten essays dealing with various aspects of medieval philosophy from the 13th and 14th centuries. It is dedicated to Paul Spade, professor emeritus of the University of Indiana, who richly deserves to be honoured for his long and faithful devotion to Dame Philosophia Mediævalis, but none of the articles takes its point of departure from one of his works

Influence of Deae-Dextran, Polybrene, Dextran and Dextran Sulphate on Spontaneous Leukaemia Development in AKR Mice and Virus Induced Leukaemia in BALB/c Mice

AKR mice of which more than 90% die of lymphatic thymus leukaemia, had their mean survival time increased by weekly intraperitoneal inoculation of either of the two polycations DEAE-dextran and polybrene. Administration of the neutral dextran had no effect, whereas the polyanion dextran sulphate accelerated leukaemia development

The Long Dolmen at Grøfte, South-West Zealand

The Long Dolmen at Grøfte, South-West Zealan

Life span, leukaemia and amyloid incidences of untreated and polycation-treated AKR mice.

AKR mice, which have a short mean survival time and usually die with leukaemia, were studied from one month of age for correlation between these two parameters. For untreated animals we found the same mean survival time whether or not leukaemia occurred. By treating sucklings with the polycations diethylaminoethyl-dextran or hexadimethrine bromide the leukaemia incidence was significantly reduced. However, the mean survival time was unchanged, and remained the same in leukaemic and non-leukaemic animals. It is therefore suggested that the early death of AKR mice results from an ageing process and does not require leukaemia for implementation. Our prophylactic polycation treatment was furthermore found to induce spleen amyloid in some but not all of the mice that remained non-leukaemic