20 research outputs found
Aukið úthald og minni fallhætta hjá nýrnasjúklingum eftir þjálfun á meðan þeir voru í blóðskilun
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)Inngangur: Við upphaf meðferðar í blóðskilun má reikna með að líkamshreysti sjúklinga sé um 50% af því sem búast má við af heilbrigðum jafnöldrum. Líkamsþjálfun er því mikilvæg fyrir þennan sjúklingahóp til að sporna við síminnkandi líkamlegri getu og aukinni þörf fyrir aðstoð. Tilgangur: Að kanna áhrif sex mánaða þjálfunar á sjúklinga í blóðskilun. Efniviður og aðferðir: Sjúklingum í blóðskilun á LSH var boðin þátttaka í þjálfun og þáðu 21 af 35. Líkamleg geta þeirra var mæld með 6-mínútna gönguprófi, 6MGP, „Timed-up-and go“ TUG, standa upp af stól og setjast 10 sinnum með tímatöku og Rhombergs prófi. Borg skali var notaður til að meta álag í 6MGP og TUG prófi. Sjúklingarnir hjóluðu í MOTOmed letto hjóli (ReckMOTOmed.com) í 12 – 40 mínútur þrisvar í viku með vaxandi álagi eftir getu hvers og eins. Við úrvinnslu gagna var notuð lýsandi tölfræði og Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test með SPSS forriti, 11. útgáfu. Niðurstöður: Tólf sjúklingar (níu karlar og þrjár konur) luku þriggja mánaða þjálfun, meðalaldur þeirra var 66±16 ár (37- 88), meðalfjöldi ára í blóðskilun var 4±3.6 (1-11) ár og BMI 25.4±3.4 (20-31). Rhombergs próf var jákvætt hjá fjórum í upphafi en þremur eftir þriggja mánaða þjálfun. Níu (sjö karlar og tvær konur) luku sex mánaða þjálfun. Engin þeirra var með jákvætt Rombergs próf. Göngulengd í 6MGP jókst marktækt eftir þriggja og sex mánaða þjálfun (p=0.002; p=0.012), tími í TUG prófi (p=0.041; p=0.044) og að standa upp af stól og setjast 10 sinnum (p=0.015; 0.018) styttist marktækt miðað við fyrir þjálfun. Ályktanir: Þolþjálfun eykur göngulengd í 6MGP og minnkar fallhættu marktækt hjá sjúklingum í blóðskilun
Functional SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells established in early childhood decline with age.
Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells have been identified in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed individuals, potentially modulating COVID-19 and vaccination outcomes. Here, we provide evidence that functional cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is established in early childhood, mirroring early seroconversion with seasonal human coronavirus OC43. Humoral and cellular immune responses against OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in SARS-CoV-2-unexposed children (paired samples at age two and six) and adults (age 26 to 83). Pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cell responses targeting spike, nucleocapsid, and membrane were closely linked to the frequency of OC43-specific memory CD4+ T cells in childhood. The functional quality of the cross-reactive memory CD4+ T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike, but not nucleocapsid, paralleled OC43-specific T cell responses. OC43-specific antibodies were prevalent already at age two. However, they did not increase further with age, contrasting with the antibody magnitudes against HKU1 (β-coronavirus), 229E and NL63 (α-coronaviruses), rhinovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and influenza virus, which increased after age two. The quality of the memory CD4+ T cell responses peaked at age six and subsequently declined with age, with diminished expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and CD38 in late adulthood. Age-dependent qualitative differences in the pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell responses may reflect the ability of the host to control coronavirus infections and respond to vaccination
Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. Here, we systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in unexposed individuals, exposed family members, and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells displayed a highly activated cytotoxic phenotype that correlated with various clinical markers of disease severity, whereas convalescent-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were polyfunctional and displayed a stem-like memory phenotype. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detectable in antibody-seronegative exposed family members and convalescent individuals with a history of asymptomatic and mild COVID-19. Our collective dataset shows that SARS-CoV-2 elicits broadly directed and functionally replete memory T cell responses, suggesting that natural exposure or infection may prevent recurrent episodes of severe COVID-19
Understanding the Role of Ecolabels in Driving Sustainability Awareness and Changing Buying Behaviour : A Qualitative Research on the Underlying Motives Influencing Decision Making Among Consumers in the Swedish Food Industry
Abstract Background: During the last decades, environmental concerns have increased significantly, and companies have been forced to adapt their business to meet the demands of today’s consumers. Green marketing has become an effecting differentiating factor as well as a positive contributor for companies. Ecolabels operates as a tool to promote and inform consumers about the level of sustainability of the product, where the symbol will guarantee a certain criteria, feature, or quality. Ecolabel products enable consumers to make environmentally conscious decisions through their buying behaviour, thereby contributing to a more sustainable world. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to investigate how ecolabels influence change in buying behaviour and sustainability awareness. Furthermore, to provide information regarding the consumers' view on these products and how their attitude, behaviour and awareness is affected. Method: This reports data collection is conducted through three focus groups interviews with consumers as well as two personal interviews with store managers from one of Sweden's biggest food chains. Furthermore, this qualitative research uses an inductive approach. Starting with existing theories, followed by a thematic analysis where collected data has been analysed to lastly explore specific themes related to ecolabels. Conclusion: The individual’s knowledge around ecolabels is a barrier to embracing them, and the change in consumer buying behaviour seems to be depending on that factor. The findings suggest that consumers are in general unaware of the benefits and meaning of ecolabels, but eager to attain knowledge if more approachable. Consumers and stores together need to cooperate in increasing consciousness for ecolabels to play a bigger role in changing consumer buying behaviour to greener
Understanding the Role of Ecolabels in Driving Sustainability Awareness and Changing Buying Behaviour : A Qualitative Research on the Underlying Motives Influencing Decision Making Among Consumers in the Swedish Food Industry
Abstract Background: During the last decades, environmental concerns have increased significantly, and companies have been forced to adapt their business to meet the demands of today’s consumers. Green marketing has become an effecting differentiating factor as well as a positive contributor for companies. Ecolabels operates as a tool to promote and inform consumers about the level of sustainability of the product, where the symbol will guarantee a certain criteria, feature, or quality. Ecolabel products enable consumers to make environmentally conscious decisions through their buying behaviour, thereby contributing to a more sustainable world. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to investigate how ecolabels influence change in buying behaviour and sustainability awareness. Furthermore, to provide information regarding the consumers' view on these products and how their attitude, behaviour and awareness is affected. Method: This reports data collection is conducted through three focus groups interviews with consumers as well as two personal interviews with store managers from one of Sweden's biggest food chains. Furthermore, this qualitative research uses an inductive approach. Starting with existing theories, followed by a thematic analysis where collected data has been analysed to lastly explore specific themes related to ecolabels. Conclusion: The individual’s knowledge around ecolabels is a barrier to embracing them, and the change in consumer buying behaviour seems to be depending on that factor. The findings suggest that consumers are in general unaware of the benefits and meaning of ecolabels, but eager to attain knowledge if more approachable. Consumers and stores together need to cooperate in increasing consciousness for ecolabels to play a bigger role in changing consumer buying behaviour to greener
Aukið úthald og minni fallhætta hjá nýrnasjúklingum eftir þjálfun á meðan þeir voru í blóðskilun
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn Skoða/Opna(view/open)Inngangur: Við upphaf meðferðar í blóðskilun má reikna með að líkamshreysti sjúklinga sé um 50% af því sem búast má við af heilbrigðum jafnöldrum. Líkamsþjálfun er því mikilvæg fyrir þennan sjúklingahóp til að sporna við síminnkandi líkamlegri getu og aukinni þörf fyrir aðstoð. Tilgangur: Að kanna áhrif sex mánaða þjálfunar á sjúklinga í blóðskilun. Efniviður og aðferðir: Sjúklingum í blóðskilun á LSH var boðin þátttaka í þjálfun og þáðu 21 af 35. Líkamleg geta þeirra var mæld með 6-mínútna gönguprófi, 6MGP, „Timed-up-and go“ TUG, standa upp af stól og setjast 10 sinnum með tímatöku og Rhombergs prófi. Borg skali var notaður til að meta álag í 6MGP og TUG prófi. Sjúklingarnir hjóluðu í MOTOmed letto hjóli (ReckMOTOmed.com) í 12 – 40 mínútur þrisvar í viku með vaxandi álagi eftir getu hvers og eins. Við úrvinnslu gagna var notuð lýsandi tölfræði og Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test með SPSS forriti, 11. útgáfu. Niðurstöður: Tólf sjúklingar (níu karlar og þrjár konur) luku þriggja mánaða þjálfun, meðalaldur þeirra var 66±16 ár (37- 88), meðalfjöldi ára í blóðskilun var 4±3.6 (1-11) ár og BMI 25.4±3.4 (20-31). Rhombergs próf var jákvætt hjá fjórum í upphafi en þremur eftir þriggja mánaða þjálfun. Níu (sjö karlar og tvær konur) luku sex mánaða þjálfun. Engin þeirra var með jákvætt Rombergs próf. Göngulengd í 6MGP jókst marktækt eftir þriggja og sex mánaða þjálfun (p=0.002; p=0.012), tími í TUG prófi (p=0.041; p=0.044) og að standa upp af stól og setjast 10 sinnum (p=0.015; 0.018) styttist marktækt miðað við fyrir þjálfun. Ályktanir: Þolþjálfun eykur göngulengd í 6MGP og minnkar fallhættu marktækt hjá sjúklingum í blóðskilun
Sketch map, Lachlan no. 4 [cartographic material] /
Cadastral map of 268,800 acres of pastoral country fronting the Murrumbidgee River showing area of forest reserves, land purchased for station, land purchased by bona fide selectors, pre-leases for station and land measured for auction.; Includes explanatory notes above the map.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-rm1991-18.Lachlan no.
Deciphering natural killer cell homeostasis
Natural killer (NK) cells have a central role within the innate immune system, eliminating virally infected, foreign and transformed cells through their natural cytotoxic capacity. Release of their cytotoxic granules is tightly controlled through the balance of a large repertoire of inhibitory and activating receptors, and it is the unique combination of these receptors expressed by individual cells that confers immense diversity both in phenotype and functionality. The diverse, yet unique, NK cell repertoire within an individual is surprisingly stable over time considering the constant renewal of these cells at steady state. Here we give an overview of NK cell differentiation and discuss metabolic requirements, intra-lineage plasticity and transcriptional reprogramming during IL-15-driven homeostatic proliferation. New insights into the regulation of NK cell differentiation and homeostasis could pave the way for the successful implementation of NK cell-based immunotherapy against cancer
Intra-lineage plasticity and functional reprogramming maintain natural killer cell repertoire diversity
Natural killer (NK) cell repertoires are made up of phenotypically distinct subsets with different functional properties. The molecular programs involved in maintaining NK cell repertoire diversity under homeostatic conditions remain elusive. Here, we show that subset-specific NK cell proliferation kinetics correlate with mTOR activation, and global repertoire diversity is maintained through a high degree of intra-lineage subset plasticity during interleukin (IL)-15-driven homeostatic proliferation in vitro. Slowly cycling sorted KIR+CD56dim NK cells with an induced CD57 phenotype display increased functional potential associated with increased transcription of genes involved in adhesion and immune synapse formation. Rapidly cycling cells upregulate NKG2A, display a general loss of functionality, and a transcriptional signature associated with increased apoptosis/cellular stress, actin-remodeling, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. These results shed light on the role of intra-lineage plasticity during NK cell homeostasis and suggest that the functional fate of the cell is tightly linked to the acquired phenotype and transcriptional reprogramming