Digital analysis of wind tunnel imagery to measure fluid thickness

Documented here are the procedure and results obtained from the application of digital image processing techniques to the problem of measuring the thickness of a deicing fluid on a model airfoil during simulated takeoffs. The fluid contained a fluorescent dye and the images were recorded under flash illumination on photographic film. The films were digitized and analyzed on a personal computer to obtain maps of the fluid thickness

Submicrosecond time transfer between the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia via satellite

During 1972 time transfer experiments were run between the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Royal Greenwich Observatory and, in 1973, between the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Division of National Mapping in Canberra, Australia. In both cases the time transfer agent was the TIMATION 2 satellite, 1969-82B. The satellite ephemerides were computed from data provided by the Defense Mapping Agency TRANET. This net tracked the satellite's Doppler transmissions. The phase of the satellite clock was determined from knowledge of the position of the satellite and of the observer and the computed distance between the two. By monitoring the clock on successive passes the rate of the satellite clock was determined at Washington. By again monitoring the satellite clock at the distant station the satellite clock could be compared to the local clock and this local clock compared to the U.S. Naval Observatory clocks. In 1972 the RMS of observations at Greenwich deviated by approximately 1/4 microsecond from a straight line when compared to the Naval Observatory. In 1973 the observation errors at Canberra were approximately half as great

USCID regional meetings -- 1989

Presented at Planning for water shortages: water reallocations and transfers drought management: proceedings from the 1989 regional meetings held on August 24-25, 1989 in Boise, Idaho and on October 19-21, 1989 in St. Louis, Missouri.Few things have been talked about more and done less in California than water marketing. It's interesting that in one of the world's consummate entrepreneurial environments, a commodity as vital as water is so difficult to buy and sell. Why has water marketing become widely used in the rest of the southwestern United States and even in the Midwest and not in California? The answer to that question is complex. The discussion of water marketing will be divided to treat surface and subsurface water separately

A study of faculty, administrative, and staff perceptions of the climate for shared governance at appalachian college association member institutions

The purpose of this study was to investigate how faculty, administrators, and staff perceived the climate for shared governance at 36 member institutions of the Appalachian College Association (ACA), based on standards for sound shared governance in higher education as outlined by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP). Numerous reports and studies have focused on shared governance practices, but no research exists on perceptions of climate based on standards outlined by the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), which published the seminal Statement on Government of Colleges and Universities in 1966. This study was conducted through the Appalachian College Association, a non-profit consortium of 36 independent, four-year liberal arts colleges and universities spread across the central Appalachian Mountains in Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Virginia. A total of 12 different institutions from all five states in the ACA participated in the study. Participants included faculty, staff, and administrators who were identified by their presidents or vice presidents for academic affairs as most knowledgeable about the shared governance and decision-making process on their campus. The survey, developed under the auspices of the AAUP to gauge the climate for governance, was distributed via an online link e-mailed to 480 faculty, administrators, and staff during the Fall 2013 and Spring 2014 semesters. A total of 176 survey responses were received, representing a response rate of 36.66%. The 29-item anonymous survey included three optional demographic questions, allowing respondents to indicate gender, status as tenured or non-tenured faculty member, a cabinet-level administrator or lower-level administrator, a staff member, and years in higher education. The survey used a five-point ordinal Likert scale to indicate level of agreement--including I don\u27t know -- with 26 statements about each of the following seven shared governance standards: institutional climate, institutional communication, the board\u27s role, the president\u27s role, the faculty\u27s role, joint decision making, and structural arrangements. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and describe the survey results for each of four research questions. The results of this study indicated there were different perceptions between tenured and non-tenured faculty on a number of the seven standards relative to the climate for shared governance, and between cabinet-level administrators and lower-level administrators, with the latter representing the largest group of respondents (52) in the study. Staff members\u27 responses indicated that they were least informed about shared governance on their campuses compared to faculty and administrators. While the majority of respondents indicated there was a climate of collegiality and respect on their campuses, survey results indicated a lack of knowledge about shared governance at some ACA schools. Recommendations for practice and for research were included

Blur Identification Based on Higher Order Spectral Nulls

The identification of the point spread function (PSF) from the degraded image data constitutes an important first step in image restoration that is known as blur identification. Though a number of blur identification algorithms have been developed in recent years, two of the earlier methods based on the power spectrum and power cepstrum remain popular, because they are easy to implement and have proved to be effective in practical situations. Both methods are limited to PSF\u27s which exhibit spectral nulls, such as due to defocused lens and linear motion blur. Another limitation of these methods is the degradation of their performance in the presence of observation noise. The central slice of the power bispectrum has been employed as an alternative to the power spectrum which can suppress the effects of additive Gaussian noise. In this paper, we utilize the bicepstrum for the identification of linear motion and defocus blurs. We present simulation results where the performance of the blur identification methods based on the spectrum, the cepstrum, the bispectrum and the bicepstrum is compared for different blur sizes and signal-to-noise ratio levels

Advances in Endophyte Research. Progress and Priorities in Temperate Areas

Fungal endophytes infect a large number of temperate grass species, genera and tribes (Leuchtmann and Clay, 1997). The majority of these systemic endophytes fall into the genus Epichloe or the closely related Neotyphodium genus. The asexual Neotyphodium endophytes are asymptomatic, never emerge from between the host grass cells, and are only transmitted vertically, via seed of the host plant. They are believed to have derived from the Epichloe endophytes, (Bacon and White, 2000; Schardl and Wilkinson, 2000) which do emerge from their intercellular habitat and form stromata around the emerging seedhead of their host. This is manifested as the choke disease seen in many grass species. Thus reproduction in the Epichloe can be sexual and transmission can be horizontal or vertical or a mix of both

Retrograde transport pathways utilised by viruses and protein toxins

A model has been presented for retrograde transport of certain toxins and viruses from the cell surface to the ER that suggests an obligatory interaction with a glycolipid receptor at the cell surface. Here we review studies on the ER trafficking cholera toxin, Shiga and Shiga-like toxins, Pseudomonas exotoxin A and ricin, and compare the retrograde routes followed by these protein toxins to those of the ER trafficking SV40 and polyoma viruses. We conclude that there is in fact no obligatory requirement for a glycolipid receptor, nor even with a protein receptor in a lipid-rich environment. Emerging data suggests instead that there is no common pathway utilised for retrograde transport by all of these pathogens, the choice of route being determined by the particular receptor utilised