Applying The Principles Of Integrated Pest Management To Poultry Production In South Dakota

The $7 billion gross income for poultry, with the exception of the broiler chicken industry, is shared by nearly every state in the Union. Total farm income for 1977 (broilers, eggs, turkeys) showed an increase to$7.2 billion, but a regional breakdown was not available (USDA Agr. Sta., 1977). Even though many of the components for integrated pest management in poultry production are known, more specific knowledge of how best to utilize these components is needed

The Face Fly: Progress Towards Establishing an Efficient Pest Management Program

Face flies are often found in large numbers in the presence of cattle, especially on warm days. Estimates of the number of face flies are based on flies counted on the faces of cattle and are subject to a lot of variation, therefore, better sampling techniques are necessary. The distribution of the face fly in South Dakota was determined by facial counts of flies from a vehicle using binoculars, during early morning hours along highway transits in eastern and western South Dakota from June through August. Both chemical and non-chemical methods of managing this pest are discussed, as well as biological controls, sanitation methods, and traps

Current Methods Used for the Control of Files on Beef Cattle in South Dakota

A survey of pesticide use conducted in 1982 involving 230 livestock producers in eastern South Dakota has revealed that files and lice are considered the most important external pests of livestock. Data from the survey are currently being processed and results will be available in early 1983

Efficacy of Terminator, Max-Con and Y-TEK Experimental Impregnated Ear Tag (MC.602TC) for the Control of Resistant Populations of the Horn Fly in South Dakota During 1987

Insecticide impregnated ear tags containing Diazinon or Dursban/cypermethrin combinations when applied at the rate of two tags per cow were more effective for the control of horn flies than tags that were applied at the rate of one per cow. With the Terminator® tag, the percentage control diminished after 8 t o 10 weeks when one tag was present, but the percentage control remained constant over a period of 15 weeks with two tags per cow. With the Max-Con@ tag control was Less satisfactory after 6 weeks when only one tag per cow was applied, but good control was received after 15 weeks on animals where two tags per cow were used

Progress Toward Establishing a Pest Management Program for the Face Fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, in South Dakota

The face fly is similar in appearance to the house fly (Figure 1) with a few minor differences. The female face fly is somewhat larger and darker. The large eyes of the male face fly nearly touch on the front of the head while the eyes of the house fly are further apart. The female face fly has a silvery stripe around the eyes whereas the stripe on the house fly is more golden. A dark spot between the eyes of the face fly is more rounded than that of the house fly and the abdomen of the face fly is darker and more slate-grey in color

Sorption Isotherms of Water in Nanopores: Relationship Between Hydropohobicity, Adsorption Pressure, and Hysteresis

The motivation of this study is to elucidate how the condensation and desorption pressures in water sorption isotherms depend on the contact angle. This question is investigated for cylindrical pores of 2.8 nm diameter by means of molecular dynamics simulations in the grand canonical ensemble, in combination with the mW coarse-grained model for water. The contact angle is characterized for different sets of water–surface interactions. First, we show that desorption in open-ended pores with moderate or low water affinity, with contact angles greater or equal than 24°, is a nonactivated process in which pressure is accurately described by the Kelvin equation. Then, we explore the influence of hydrophobicity on the capillary condensation and on the width of the hysteresis loop. We find that a small increase in the contact angle may have a significant impact on the surface density and consequently on the nucleation free energy barrier. This produces a separation of the adsorption and desorption branches, exacerbating the emerging hysteresis. These results suggest that the contact angle is not as relevant as the adsorption energy in determining condensation pressure and hysteresis. Finally, we consider nonequilibrium desorption in pores with no open ends and describe how homogeneous and heterogeneous cavitation mechanisms depend on hydrophilicity.Fil: Factorovich, Matias Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Solveyra, Estefania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Molinero, Valeria. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Scherlis Perel, Damian Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; Argentin