Economic Assimilation of Chinese Immigrants in the United States: Is There Wage Convergence with Natives?

Asian Americans have a long and profound history in the United States, and are usually referred to as the “model minority”. While the income level of immigrants depends on various factors, existing literature suggests that immigrants who can adapt well and are relatively successful in their new jobs can make a significant contribution to economic growth (Borjas, 2009)

Relevansi Strategi Dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia Dengan Strategi Dakwah Nabi Muhammad Saw

Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia is a unique and phenomenal propaganda institution. For one decade (1998-2008) it has exercised a very intensive preaching, conception of Islam, enforcement of Syari'ah and the Khilafah ruling system. The purpose of this study is to determine the Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia thinking about: (1) the arguments used by Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia in preaching; (2) the purpose of the preaching of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; (3) the method used in the propaganda activities of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; (4) the program of propaganda in the view of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; and (5) the relevance of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia propagation strategy with the strategy of propaganda of the Prophet Muhammad. The results showed that (1) Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia propagation argument is Surah (Chapter) Ali-Imran verse 104; (2) the purpose of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia propaganda is to hold Islamic life and to carry the Islamic propagation to the entire world and to revive Islam in the right way; (3) the method adopted by Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia in carrying out the mission is the laws of Personality which is taken from Prophet Sayings; (4) HizbutTahrir Indonesia propagation program is basically the same as Hizbut Tahrir anywhere, for espousing ideas, ideals and the same activity which reflects on propagation strategy of the Prophet; and (5) selection of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia toward the Prophet Traditions about the propagation method applied by the Prophet Muhammad SAW tend to choose a more nuanced firm. In fact, the propagation method applied by the Prophet varies depending on the existing situation and conditions. Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia adalah sebuah lembaga dakwah yang unik dan fenomenal. Selama kurang lebih satu dasawarsa (1998-2008) sangat intensif melakukan dakwahnya, konsepsinya tentang penegakan Syari'at Islam dan sistem pemerintahan Khilafah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemikiran Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia tentang: (1) landasan yang digunakan oleh Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia dalam berdakwah; (2) tujuan dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; (3) metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; (4) program dakwah menurut pandangan Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia; dan (5) relevansi strategi dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia dengan strategi dakwah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) landasan dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia adalah QS. Ali-Imran ayat 104; (2) tujuan dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia adalah melangsungkan kehidupan Islam dan mengemban dakwah Islam ke seluruh penjuru dunia dan untuk membangkitkan kembali umat Islam dengan cara yang benar; (3) metode yang ditempuh oleh Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia dalam melaksanakan dakwah adalah hukum-hukum syara' yang diambil dari thariqah Rasulullah SAW; (4) program dakwah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia pada dasarnya sama dengan Hizbut Tahrir di manapun, karena mengemban pemikiran, cita-cita dan aktivitas yang sama, yaitu bercermin pada metode dakwah Rasulullah SAW; dan (5) Pemilihan Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia terhadap Hadits-hadits tentang metode dakwah yang diterapkan oleh Nabi Muhamad SAW cenderung memilih Hadits-hadits yang bernuansa lebih tegas. Padahal, metode dakwah yang diterapkan oleh Nabi sangat bervariasi bergantung kepada situasi dan kondisi yang ada

Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Bryonia cretica (Cucurbitaceae)

The typification of the name Bryonia cretica is investigated and discussed. A specimen from the Clifford Herbarium is designated as the lectotype. The morphology of the species, notes on its cytology and geographical distribution and ecological features are also treated

Phylogeography and modes of reproduction in diploid and tetraploid halophytes of Limonium species (Plumbaginaceae): evidence for a pattern of geographical parthenogenesis

Background and Aims The genus Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) has long been recognized to have sexual and apomictic (asexual seed formation) modes of reproduction. This study aimed to elucidate phylogeographical patterns and modes of reproduction in diploid and tetraploid Limonium species, namely three putative sexual diploid species with morphological affinities (L. nydeggeri, L. ovalifolium, L. lanceolatum) and three related, probably apomict tetraploid species (L. binervosum, L. dodartii, L. multiflorum). Methods cpDNA diversity and differentiation between natural populations of the species were investigated using two chloroplast sequence regions (trnL intron and trnL–trnF intergenic spacer). Floral heteromorphies, ovule cytoembryological analyses and pollination and crossing tests were performed in representative species of each ploidy group, namely diploid L. ovalifolium and tetraploid L. multiflorum, using plants from greenhouse collections. Key Results and Conclusions Genetic analyses showed that diploid species have a higher haplotype diversity and a higher number of unique (endemic) haplotypes than tetraploid species. Network analysis revealed correlations between cpDNA haplotype distribution and ploidy groups, species groups and geographical origin, and haplotype sharing within and among species with distinct ploidy levels. Reproductive biology analyses showed that diploid L. ovalifolium mainly forms meiotically reduced tetrasporic embryo sacs of Gagea ova, Adoxa and Drusa types. Limonium multiflorum, however, has only unreduced, diplosporic (apomictic) embryo sacs of Rudbeckia type, and autonomous apomictic development seems to occur. Taken together, the findings provide evidence of a pattern of ‘geographical parthenogenesis’ in which quaternary climatic oscillations appear to be involved in the geographical patterns of coastal diploid and tetraploid Limonium speciesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Environmental and Socioeconomic factors associated with Dengue, and the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti

Despite intense study, much is still unknown about mosquito-borne diseases. Many unanswered questions remain about these four diseases associated with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus: chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, while the threat of their outbreaks and expansion continues to increase. A major gap in our knowledge of these diseases is in the factors that are associated with human cases of infection. As our understanding of the relationship between factors (environmental and socioeconomic) and cases of mosquito-borne disease increases, methods of preventing outbreaks can improve

Environmental and Socioeconomic factors associated with Dengue, and the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti

Despite intense study, much is still unknown about mosquito-borne diseases. Many unanswered questions remain about these four diseases associated with Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus: chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, while the threat of their outbreaks and expansion continues to increase. A major gap in our knowledge of these diseases is in the factors that are associated with human cases of infection. As our understanding of the relationship between factors (environmental and socioeconomic) and cases of mosquito-borne disease increases, methods of preventing outbreaks can improve