Decidable structures between Church-style and Curry-style

It is well-known that the type-checking and type-inference problems are undecidable for second order lambda-calculus in Curry-style, although those for Church-style are decidable. What causes the differences in decidability and undecidability on the problems? We examine crucial conditions on terms for the (un)decidability property from the viewpoint of partially typed terms, and what kinds of type annotations are essential for (un)decidability of type-related problems. It is revealed that there exists an intermediate structure of second order lambda-terms, called a style of hole-application, between Church-style and Curry-style, such that the type-related problems are decidable under the structure. We also extend this idea to the omega-order polymorphic calculus F-omega, and show that the type-checking and type-inference problems then become undecidable

Development of Multi-Agent Simulation Model for Evacuation from Landslide Disaster Area

Japan is a country which has many steep slopes along rivers. Therefore, the disasters due to landslide and mud flood have often occurred in mountainous urbanized areas. In rainy or typhoon season much rain triggers such disasters because of unusual rainfall. In these years those disasters have been increased in not only mountainous areas but also the housing area developed in the fringe of urban region newly. On the other hand, some of the nursing homes for aging people located in such disaster estimated areas. The people have also fallen victim to landslide disasters. So it has been important for a local government to build a comprehensive evacuation program of a large natural disaster. In this program, it is substantial to give appropriate information on human behavior for the evacuating time. In this study a new methodology based on behavior-oriented agent system should be discussed to develop. The production roles of the attributive groups were built in terms of the questionnaire survey on evacuation trips from damaged districts. Using the set of production rules composed of the questionnaire data, a multi-agent simulation model in a hypothetical landslide disaster was developed by a multi-agent system (MAS) method. An agent in this study is the person that can perceive its environment through sensors and decide the activities due to effectors. The multi-agent system was simulated in terms of evacuation from a damaged district to a safe shelter in Sapporo, Japan. It comes to the conclusion that the human behaviors and their interactions during the disaster impact were constructed by multi-agent simulation model and the possibility of the evacuation was found in view of both topographic and human attributive conditions

Cytosolic recognition of flagellin by mouse macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila infection.

To restrict infection by Legionella pneumophila, mouse macrophages require Naip5, a member of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat family of pattern recognition receptors, which detect cytoplasmic microbial products. We report that mouse macrophages restricted L. pneumophila replication and initiated a proinflammatory program of cell death when flagellin contaminated their cytosol. Nuclear condensation, membrane permeability, and interleukin-1beta secretion were triggered by type IV secretion-competent bacteria that encode flagellin. The macrophage response to L. pneumophila was independent of Toll-like receptor signaling but correlated with Naip5 function and required caspase 1 activity. The L. pneumophila type IV secretion system provided only pore-forming activity because listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes could substitute for its contribution. Flagellin monomers appeared to trigger the macrophage response from perforated phagosomes: once heated to disassemble filaments, flagellin triggered cell death but native flagellar preparations did not. Flagellin made L. pneumophila vulnerable to innate immune mechanisms because Naip5+ macrophages restricted the growth of virulent microbes, but flagellin mutants replicated freely. Likewise, after intratracheal inoculation of Naip5+ mice, the yield of L. pneumophila in the lungs declined, whereas the burden of flagellin mutants increased. Accordingly, macrophages respond to cytosolic flagellin by a mechanism that requires Naip5 and caspase 1 to restrict bacterial replication and release proinflammatory cytokines that control L. pneumophila infection

The Mockingbird

John Adams [Untitled Artwork]; Howard Agriesti [Untitled Photograph]; Alice Anthony [Untitled Photograph]; Phillip Brooks [Untitled Drawing]; Joe Carruthers [Waldon’s Pond]; Sindy Clapsadl [Untitled Drawing]; Linda Clark [Spring Cleaning]; Donnie Collette [In Gooseneck Holler, Along the Creek] Ted Cornett [Untitled Drawing]; John W. Edwards [Five Untitled Photographs]; John Flanagan [Untitled Photograph]; Tim Foster [In a Firefly’s Dance]; Michelle Fulmer [Untitled Drawing; Let the Rain Pour!]; Elizabeth Gordon [Sonnet on Experimental Sex Techniques]; Julie Gouge [Two Untitled Photographs]; Dea Graves [Pebble]; Tanya Green [Two Untitled Photographs]; Joan Hackler [Athletic Education]; Michael Harrington [Untitled Photograph]; Anita S. Johnson [After the Show]; Barry Jones [Untitled Photograph]; Brian Knave [Fourth Century Algeria]; Sharon Anglin Kuhne [Untitled Photograph]; Penny Lane [Untitled Artwork]; Della May [Untitled Photograph]; Brenda McCoy [Halfway Between Nowhere and Nothing]; Raven Parris [Easter Shoes]; James Price [Two Untitled Photographs]; Rita S. Quillen [October Dusk]; Doug Renfro [Untitled Drawing]; G.S. Riner [You]; Sherry Lynn Robbins [Ghosts]; Harrison R. Rogers [Untitled Drawing]; Deborah Scaperoth [They Know Not What They Do]; Gary Shepard [Untitled Drawing]; H. Lester Smith [Untitled Photograph]; Taro Tsuzuki [Shinju]; Constance Van Deventer [Two Untitled Drawings]; Charles Veasey [Untitled Drawing]; Jack Weiso [Untitled Photograph]; Keith Whitson [Three Untitled Photographs]; Mark Wood [Untitled Photograph]https://dc.etsu.edu/mockingbird/1040/thumbnail.jp

The Mockingbird

Timothy C. Barbee [Self Portrait Series; Self-Portrait Series]; Kim Barker [World Gone Mad; Untitled Graphic]; Julie Branham [Splunge; Something Wicked This Way Comes; Banzai Bar]; Joe Brown [Coral Reef]; Roger Carper [ICU; The Return]; Todd Cregger [Mocking Bird]; Norman Eades [The Color of Wind]; Melanie Edwards [Friends; Ghandi; Paradise]; Eric R. Fish [Why Not Minot?]; Nicholas Taylor Jimenez [The Ride Home]; Gediyon Kiflle [Memento Mori (Memory of the Dead)]; Miller Lyons [Vietnam, I Weep]; Thomas Keats McKnight [And They Shall Take Up Serpents; Dusty Walls]; Sierra Merrell [Embrace]; Dan Mills [90\u27s Nippy Flippin\u27 Through The Channels; The Double Helix]; Don Morgan [Self Portrait; Portrait]; Avis M. Reid [Mama Hensley; Saint Lydia]; Paul Shelton [Rita Vespucci]; Jeff Tolley [Daddy]; Wesley Venable [One Mao\u27s Castle: A Song For The Parting]; Winn Ann Weesner [Wash-A-Rama]; Tamara L. Wilkins [A Tree Maybe?]; William J. Wright [A Requiem For Youth]https://dc.etsu.edu/mockingbird/1022/thumbnail.jp

The Mockingbird

Howard Agriesti [Two Photographs]; Theodore Aguirre [Two Photographs]; Paula Anderson [Two Photographs]; Rebecca Bates [Print]; Tony Clark [Copperhead Country; This Side of Baker Street]; Jerry L. Collins [Drawing]; G. Leah Combs [Appalachian Mutations]; Amy Green [Drawing; Print]; John Hart [natural frequency]; Fern Hilton [Carousel; The Hunt]; Ned Irwin [The Old-Town]; Gary Johnson [Turtle Crossing]; Brian Knave [Wrecking Cars and Friendship; The Early Bird Stays In Bed]; Tommye McClure [Drawing]; Helen Hunt Mills [Thoughts of a Man On a Kidney Machine Reading A Civil War Newspaper Ad for Chamber Lye]; Chip Moffatt [Somehow I Felt Like ... It Was Supposed To Be]; Kent Monroe, Jr [Indian Headlight]; Sherri Nealy [Drawing; Photograph]; Lee Nutting [Two Photographs]; Rodney O\u27Dell [Print]; Raven Parris [Reunion]; Rita S. Quillen [Nexus: Past and Present]; Doug Renfro [Two Drawings]; R. T. Sanders [Drawing]; Barbara Sevier [Print]; Thomas Shelton [rome]; Jack Smith [Print]; Bonny Stanley [Sin; In the Mission Fields]; Ruth Waller [Firefly; Ohio Acre]; Charles Warden [Two Photographs]https://dc.etsu.edu/mockingbird/1033/thumbnail.jp

The Mockingbird

Evelyn Bales [Lament of the Martyred Housewife]; Coy Bays [Some Wear Masks on Wednesdays]; Jon Buchanan [Untitled Print]; Stephen Callaway [Untitled Print]; Lewis Cantrell [Days on a Shelf; Faking the Passing]; Mitchell Cox [Crossing the Tatu River]; Rick A. Davies [Beyond the Window; The Road That Runs on Forever; Untitled Poem; Seasons]; Kim Frank [Searching for Images]; Debra Gaskin [Yellow Fields]; William Gillespie [Two Untitled Photographs]; Craigie Hemenway [Untitled Artwork]; Brenda Hess [Untitled Poem; Apology]; Katherine Honour [Swamp Party; Grandfather Mountain]; Joe Kilday [Untitled Drawing]; Thomas Lawhon [Untitled Drawing; Untitled Print]; Katherine Lewis [Untitled Photograph]; Ellen Markland [Class Reunion]; Charles D. Miller [Untitled Drawing]; Helen H. Mills [The Alien Woods; The Snake]; Bob Palmer [Untitled Drawing]; Don Rice [Untitled Photograph]; Lisa Richter [Untitled Poem]; Kay Sanders [Untitled Drawing]; Randy Sanders [Untitled Drawing]; Bill Tingle [Untitled Drawing]; Amy Tipton [Untitled Poem]; Wendy Warden [Anlaf]; Gail Watkins [On Her Passing]; Susan Wheeler [Untitled Print]https://dc.etsu.edu/mockingbird/1038/thumbnail.jp