Bio-composting oil palm waste for improvement of soil fertility

Sources of bio-compost as agro-industrial wastes includes wide range of oil palm wastes viz. waste, biomass, palm kernels, empty fruit bunch, mill effluent, trunk and frond compost. Various composting processes are summarized in brief with distinct reference of oil–palm composting covering aerated static pile, and co-composting with earthworms (vermicomposting). However, in-vessel composting and windrow composting has meritorious advantages in composting. This review article refers to various significant roles played by microorganisms associated. Noteworthy study of bio-compost applications and procedures are correspondingly glosses framework of ecological, economical and agro-ecosystemic benefits

Fluid flow and static structural analysis of E-glass versus S2-glass fiber/epoxy reinforced pipe joints

Glass fiber/epoxy reinforced composite pipes are regularly used in the field were circulation of extreme pressured chemical fluids, transfer of industrial wastes, oil and natural gas transmission occurs. In oil and natural gas industry, the heavy crude oil transporting pipe lines are exposed to unsteady pressure waves which generate rise and fall stress levels in the pipes. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis was implemented using Ansys 15.0 Fluent software to investigate the consequences of these pressure waves on some detailed joints in the pipes. Relating on the type of heavy crude oil being employed, the flow behaviour stated a significant degree of stress levels in evident connecting joints, causing the joints to become weak over a sustained period of usage. In this analysis comparison of various pipe joints was done by using different material and the end result of the stress volume in the pipe joints were checked so that the life of the pipe joints can be optimized by the change of material