Albumin-Like Protein is the Major Protein Constituent of Luminal Fluid in the Human Endolymphatic Sac

The endolymphatic sac (ES) is an inner ear organ that is connected to the cochleo-vestibular system through the endolymphatic duct. The luminal fluid of the ES contains a much higher concentration of proteins than any other compartment of the inner ear. This high protein concentration likely contributes to inner ear fluid volume regulation by creating an osmotic gradient between the ES lumen and the interstitial fluid. We characterized the protein profile of the ES luminal fluid of patients (n = 11) with enlarged vestibular aqueducts (EVA) by proteomics. In addition, we investigated differences in the protein profiles between patients with recent hearing deterioration and patients without hearing deterioration. The mean total protein concentration of the luminal fluid was 554.7±94.6 mg/dl. A total of 58 out of 517 spots detected by 2-DE were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The protein profile of the luminal fluid was different from the profile of plasma. Proteins identified from 29 of the spots were also present in the MARC-filtered human plasma; however, the proteins identified from the other 25 spots were not detected in the MARC-filtered human plasma. The most abundant protein in the luminal fluid was albumin-like proteins, but most of them were not detected in MARC-filtered human plasma. The concentration of albumin-like proteins was higher in samples from patients without recent hearing deterioration than in patients with recent hearing deterioration. Consequently, the protein of ES luminal fluid is likely to be originated from both the plasma and the inner ear and considering that inner ear fluid volumes increase abnormally in patients with EVA following recent hearing deterioration, it is tempting to speculate that albumin-like proteins may be involved in the regulation of inner ear fluid volume through creation of an osmotic gradient during pathological conditions such as endolymphatic hydrops

Omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor och deras erfarenheter av bemötande från vårdpersonal : En litteraturstudie

Bakgrund: Runt 30 procent av alla kvinnor som någon gång varit i en relation har utsatts för våld. Våld är ett samhällsproblem som växer globalt sett och kan bidra till bristande hälsa och minskat välmående hos kvinnan. Syfte: Få en djupare förståelse kring hur omhändertagandet av våldsutsatta kvinnor ser ut inom vården samt kvinnors upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande efter att ha berättat om våldet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning och innehållsanalys av kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Omhändertagande och Kvinnors erfarenheter med två respektive tre underkategorier. Åtgärder består till största del av att remittera kvinnan vidare till andra instanser. Det finns en stor brist på utbildning och kunskap hos vårdpersonal i att bemöta och ge ett adekvat omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Kvinnors erfarenheter av bemötande varierar stort. En del uppger att de blivit bemötta med empati, blivit tagna på allvar och tilläts prata om våldet medan andra blivit skuldbelagda, dömda och förminskade. Barriärer som motsätter att kvinnorna berättar om våld kan vara brist på tillit, rädsla för att bli skuldbelagda och dömd, att våldsutövaren ständigt närvarar samt ekonomiska hinder. Slutsats: Det finns behov av ytterligare forskning kring omvårdnadspersonalens befintliga utbildning samt kvinnors behov vid bemötande.Background: About 30 percent of all women who have ever been in a relationship have been subjected to violence. Violence is a societal problem that is growing globally and can contribute to poor health and reduced well-being in women. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to gain a deeper understanding of how women are treated in the health care services, and the experiences women have with health care personnel after the disclosure of violence. Method: A literature search was conducted alongside content analysis of qualitative research. Results: Two main themes were found: Care and Women’s experiences’, two respectively three subcategories. Action mainly consists of referring the women on to other agencies. There is a great lack of training and knowledge among healthcare professionals in responding to and providing adequate care for abused women. Women’s experiences of treatment vary highly. Some state that they’ve been treated with empathy, been taken seriously and allowed to talk about the violence, whilst others have been blamed, judged and reduced. Barriers that prevent women from disclosing about violence can be lack of trust, fear of being blamed and judged, the perpetrator may be constantly present or financial obstacles. Conclusion: There is a need for further research on the existing training of nursing staff and the needs of women in treatment

Model-based design of industrial automation solutions using FMI

This thesis defined and investigated a general workflow based on model-based design using the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI), involving Hardware-in-the- Loop (HiL) simulation. The thesis was a direct continuation of Sara Gunnarsson’s master’s thesis "Evaluation of FMI-based Workflow for Simulation and Testing of Industrial Automation Applications", where a Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) simulation of the B&R Reaction Wheel Pendulum was conducted in Automation Studio using a model imported with FMI. A HiL simulation of the pendulum was performed to complete the work done by Sara, thus showcasing the strength and possibilities of using FMI in testing. The performance of the HiL results were evaluated by comparing the settling time with the SiL test and the real process swing-up. In addition to the pendulum work, this thesis also aimed to perform model-based tests of the ABB IRB340 FlexPicker robot, including SiL and HiL simulations. This was done in order to define a general workflow for conducting tests using FMI, and to verify the approach on a more complex process than the pendulum. A MapleSim model of the robot was exported as a Functional Mock-up Unit and imported in Automation Studio, where the testing was done. The results of the pendulum test showed that a HiL simulation with an FMU can be performed. The HiL simulation produced a settling time of 2.55 s at best, compared to 2.46 s of the SiL simulation and 2.28 s of the process. For the FlexPicker, the SiL and HiL tests were never run due to a lack of time. Instead, a recommended approach for implementing the SiL and HiL test—along with two less promising approaches tested—were discussed and evaluated. The conclusion is that the workflow and model-based design using FMI is a promising way of conducting tests, but that there is more implementational work needed before SiL and HiL results of the FlexPicker can be successfully collected

Omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor och deras erfarenheter av bemötande från vårdpersonal : En litteraturstudie

Bakgrund: Runt 30 procent av alla kvinnor som någon gång varit i en relation har utsatts för våld. Våld är ett samhällsproblem som växer globalt sett och kan bidra till bristande hälsa och minskat välmående hos kvinnan. Syfte: Få en djupare förståelse kring hur omhändertagandet av våldsutsatta kvinnor ser ut inom vården samt kvinnors upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande efter att ha berättat om våldet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning och innehållsanalys av kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Omhändertagande och Kvinnors erfarenheter med två respektive tre underkategorier. Åtgärder består till största del av att remittera kvinnan vidare till andra instanser. Det finns en stor brist på utbildning och kunskap hos vårdpersonal i att bemöta och ge ett adekvat omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Kvinnors erfarenheter av bemötande varierar stort. En del uppger att de blivit bemötta med empati, blivit tagna på allvar och tilläts prata om våldet medan andra blivit skuldbelagda, dömda och förminskade. Barriärer som motsätter att kvinnorna berättar om våld kan vara brist på tillit, rädsla för att bli skuldbelagda och dömd, att våldsutövaren ständigt närvarar samt ekonomiska hinder. Slutsats: Det finns behov av ytterligare forskning kring omvårdnadspersonalens befintliga utbildning samt kvinnors behov vid bemötande.Background: About 30 percent of all women who have ever been in a relationship have been subjected to violence. Violence is a societal problem that is growing globally and can contribute to poor health and reduced well-being in women. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to gain a deeper understanding of how women are treated in the health care services, and the experiences women have with health care personnel after the disclosure of violence. Method: A literature search was conducted alongside content analysis of qualitative research. Results: Two main themes were found: Care and Women’s experiences’, two respectively three subcategories. Action mainly consists of referring the women on to other agencies. There is a great lack of training and knowledge among healthcare professionals in responding to and providing adequate care for abused women. Women’s experiences of treatment vary highly. Some state that they’ve been treated with empathy, been taken seriously and allowed to talk about the violence, whilst others have been blamed, judged and reduced. Barriers that prevent women from disclosing about violence can be lack of trust, fear of being blamed and judged, the perpetrator may be constantly present or financial obstacles. Conclusion: There is a need for further research on the existing training of nursing staff and the needs of women in treatment