Mus musculus karaciğerinin farklı loblarındaki glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz aktivitesi ile glutatyon düzeyi

Amaç: Oksidatif strese karşı hücresel yanıtta önemli rol oynayan antioksidan sistemler Glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz (G6PDH) ve glutatyon (GSH)’dur. İnsan ve fare G6PDH enziminin homoloji göstermesinden dolayı, farelerin farklı karaciğer loblarında G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyleri araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Yirmi erkek Mus musculus albino fare çalışmada kullanıldı. Karaciğer loblarında G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyi Beutler yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Farklı karaciğer loblarında G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyinin ortalama ve standart sapması sırasıyla: Orta lob; 3.30 ± 1.44 Ü/g karaciğer, 1.84 ± 0.030 µmol/g karaciğer; sağ lob; 1.56 ± 0.93 Ü/g karaciğer, 0.57 ± 0.25 µmol/g karaciğer, sol lob; 2.43 ± 1.42 Ü/g karaciğer, 1.06 ± 0.21 µmol/g karaciğer, kaudat lob; 0.41 ± 0.17 Ü/g karaciğer, 0.05 ± 0.02 µmol/g karaciğer. Maksimum G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyi medyan ve sol lobda bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyinin loblar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği saptanmıştır (p< 0.05). Sonuç: G6PDH aktivitesi ve GSH düzeyi erkek fare karaciğer loblarında heterojen dağılım göstermektedir.Objective: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and glutathione (GSH) are two antioxidant systems that play important roles in the cellular response to oxidative stress. G6PDH activity and GSH levels in different liver lobes of mice lend themselves particularly to comparative investigation due to the similar homology of human and mouse G6PDH and GSH enzymes. Material and Methods: Twenty males of Mus musculus albino mice were included in the experiments. The activity of G6PDH and GSH levels in liver were measured with the aid of the Beutler method. Results: Mean and standard deviation per g liver for lobular G6PDH activity and GSH levels were found to be as follows: 3.30 ± 1.44 U/g and 1.84 ± 0.030 mmol/g for the median lobe; 1.56 ± 0.93 U/g and 0.57 ± 0.25 mmol/g for the right lobe; 2.43 ± 1.42 U/g, 1.06 ± 0.21 mmol/g for the left lobe; and 0.41 ± 0.17 U/g, 0.05 ± 0.02 mmol/g for the caudate lobe. The highest G6PDH activity and GSHs level were found in the median and left lobes. Moreover, significant differences in G6PDH activity and GSH levels were recorded among lobes (<0.05). Conclusion: G6PDH activity and GSH levels were seen to have a heterogeneous distribution in the liver lobes of male mice

Sıçanlarda Pentilentetrazol Kindlingde Cichorium Intybus’un GABAA reseptörleri ve apoptoz üzerine etkileri

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effects of Cichorium intybus (CI) on apoptosis and GABA(A) receptor density in the brains of rats in pentyleneterazole induced kindling. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: Control group, pentylenetetrazol administered (PTZ) group, and PTZ+CI extract administered (PTZ+CI) group. Control group received only physiological saline (0.5 ml). PTZ (35 mg/kg) injected to the animals in the PTZ and PTZ+CI groups. The CI extract (200 mg/kg) was also administered to the PTZ+CI group. A 75 mg/kg challenge dose of PTZ was administrated to the PTZ treated groups, on the 12th injection. Results: A significant increase was found in the number of neurons expressing the GABA(A) receptor in the brain tissue (hippocampus and cerebral cortex) of the PTZ group when compared to the control. The density of GABA(A) receptor of the neurons in the cerebral cortex significantly increased in PTZ administered groups compared to the control.The number of apoptotic neurons was found non-significant between groups in the brain. Conclusion: CI treatment prolonged the onset of the first seizure activity and seizure latency at a convulsive dose, and kept the number of GABA(A) receptors close to that of the control in the hippocampus.Amaç: Bu çalışma, pentileterazole indüklü kindlingte, Cichorium intybus’un sıçanların beyinlerinde apoptoz ve GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için tasarlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Sıçanlar üç gruba ayrıldı: Kontrol grubu, pentilentetrazol uygulanan (PTZ) grup ve PTZ + Cichorium intybus ekstresi (PTZ + CI) uygulanan grup. Kontrol grubu sadece serum fizyolojik (0.5 ml) aldı. PTZ ve PTZ + CI gruplarındaki hayvanlara PTZ (35 mg/kg) enjekte edildi. PTZ + CI grubuna ayrıca CI ekstraktı da (200 mg/kg) uygulandı. PTZ uygulanan gruplara 12. enjeksiyonda 75 mg/kg’lık bir PTZ dozu uygulandı. Bulgular: PTZ grubunun beyin dokusunda (hipokampus ve tüm beyin) GABAA reseptörünü ifade eden nöronların sayısında kontrole göre önemli bir artış bulundu. Tüm beyindeki nöronların GABAA reseptör yoğunluğu, kontrol grubuna kıyasla PTZ uygulanan gruplarda önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Beyindeki apoptotik nöronların sayısı gruplar arasında anlamsız bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Cichorium intybus uygulması, konvülsif dozda ilk nöbet aktivitesi oluşumu ve nöbet latansını geciktirdi ve hipokampusta GABAA reseptörlerinin sayısını kontrole yakın tuttu.Yuzuncu Yıl University, Department of Scientific Researc

The Diagnostic Role of FDG PET/CT in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin

Objective: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) is a challenge for the physician and needs use of clinical, laboratory, and imaging studies and also invasive and/or non-invasive interventions to detect the etiology. The aim of present study was to assess the role of FDG PET/CT in determining the etiology in patients with FUO. Material and Methods: Twenty-four patients (median age 52, range 5-77 years, 6 female, 18 male) who were diagnosed with FUO were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Before the FDG PET/CT studies, none of them had a definitive reason for their diseases investigated by conventional radiological or scintigraphic methods, clinical and laboratory observations. Results: The positive result was achieved in 19 (79.2%) of 24 patients as findings of the FDG PET/CT. However, FDG PET/CT was useful for definitive diagnosis in 12 (63.2%) of 19 positive patients. Malignant diseases were determined to be the underlying cause of FUO in 5 (41.6%) of 12 patients. Noninfectious inflammatory causes were detected in 2 (16.7%) patients, infections were exhibited in 3 (25%) patients, and miscellaneous diseases demonstrated in 2 (16.7%) patients. In 7 patients the detected pathological uptakes on FDG PET/CT were not helpful for the definitive diagnosis. In remaining 5 patients who showed no pathological uptake in the FDG PET/CT, diagnosis could not be established by other methods, as well. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the determination of FUO etiology were 92.3%, 45.4%, 63.1%, and 100% for FDG PET/CT. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that FDG PET/CT seems to have considerable contribution to reveal the reason of undiagnosed patients with FUO investigated by conventional diagnostic methods, clinical and laboratory observations. (MIRT 2011; 20: 19-25

Characteristics of primary glomerular diseases patients with hematuria in Turkey: the data from TSN-GOLD Working Group

Purpose Hematuria is one of the most common laboratory findings in nephrology practice. To date, there is no enough data regarding the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of primary glomerular disease (PGD) patients with hematuria in our country. Methods Data were obtained from national multicenter (47 centers) data entered into the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) database between May 2009 and June 2019. The data of all PGD patients over the age of 16 years who were diagnosed with renal biopsy and had hematuria data were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, laboratory and biopsy findings were also recorded. Results Data of 3394 PGD patients were included in the study. While 1699 (50.1%) patients had hematuria, 1695 (49.9%) patients did not have hematuria. Patients with hematuria had statistically higher systolic blood pressure, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, levels and urine pyuria. However, these patients had statistically lower age, body mass index, presence of hypertension and diabetes, eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and C3 levels when compared with patients without hematuria. Hematuria was present 609 of 1733 patients (35.8%) among the patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, while it was presented in 1090 of 1661 (64.2%) patients in non-nephrotics (p < 0.001). Conclusion This is the first multicenter national report regarding the demographic and histopathologic data of PGD patients with or without hematuria. Hematuria, a feature of nephritic syndrome, was found at a higher than expected in the PGDs presenting with nephrotic syndrome in our national database