Evaluation of platelet count and platelet ındices in cats and dogs diagnosed with lymphoma

Bu araştırmada, lenfoma teşhisi konulan kedi ve köpeklerdeki trombosit sayısı ve trombosit indekslerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kedi ve köpeklerde çok fazla rastlanılan malign bir tümör olan lenfoma, daha sık olarak orta yaş ve üzerindeki kedi ve köpeklerde görülmektedir. Diyagnostik amaçla, tam kan sayımı, serum biyokimya profili, idrar analizi ve bazı biyobelirteçlerin yanında ultrasonografi, radyografı ve ileri görüntüleme tekniklerinden faydalanılmaktadır. Lenfomalı kedi ve köpeklerin tam kan sayımında non-rejeneratif anemi, trombositopeni ve lökosit değişkenlikleriyle karşılaşılabilmektedir. Son yıllarda beşeri hekimlik ve veteriner hekimliği alanlarında, trombosit indekslerinin farklı hastalıklar üzerindeki yansımaları yeni çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, lenfomalı kedi ve köpeklerde PLT(Trombosit), MPV (Ortalama trombosit hacmi-fl), PDW (Trombosit dağılım genişliği) ve PCT (Trombositokrit-%)’in incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülen çalışmaya 13 lenfomalı kedi, 20 sağlıklı kedi, 33 lenfomalı köpek ve 20 sağlıklı köpek dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların lenfoma teşhisi, sitolojik ve histopatolojik incelemelerle doğrulanmıştır. Hemogram verilerinden elde edilen istatistiki değerlendirmelere göre, hasta kedilerde RBC (Eritrosit-m/mm3), HGB (Hemoglobin-g/dL), HCT (Hematokrit-%) ve MCHC (Ortalama Eritrosit Hemoglobin Konsantrasyonu) değerlerinin sağlıklı kedilere göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük (P≤0.01), MPV (Ortalama trombosit hacmi-fl), değerinin ise yüksek (P<0.05) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hasta köpeklerde RBC, HGB, HCT değerlerinin sağlıklı köpeklere göre düşük (P<0.05), WBC (P≤0.01) ve PDW (P<0.05) değerlerinin ise yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Lenfomalı kedi ve köpekler üzerinde yapılan bu çalışmada, trombosit indekslerinin bir kısmında meydana gelen değişimlerin tedavi yönetimi ve prognoz için anlamlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışmanın yapılmasının veteriner hekimlik alanına katkıda bulunacağı kanısına varılmıştır.In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the platelet count and platelet indices in cats and dogs diagnosed with lymphoma. Lymphoma, a malignant tumor that is very common in cats and dogs, is more common in middle-aged and older cats and dogs. For diagnostic purposes, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, urine analysis and some biomarkers as well as ultrasonography, radiography and advanced imaging techniques are used. Non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocyte variability can be encountered in the complete blood count of cats and dogs with lymphoma. In recent years, the reflections of platelet indices on different diseases have been the subject of new studies in the fields of human medicine and veterinary medicine. In this direction, 13 cats with lymphoma, 20 healthy cats, 33 dogs with lymphoma and 20 healthy dogs were included in the study, which was conducted to examine PLT (Thrombocyte), MPV (Mean platelet volume-fl), PDW (Platelet distribution width) and PCT (Thrombocytocrit-%) of cats and dogs with lymphoma. The lymphoma diagnosis of the patients was confirmed by cytological and histopathological examinations. According to the statistical evaluations obtained from the hemogram data, it was determined that the RBC (Red blood cell-m/mm3), HGB (Hemoglobin-g/dL), HCT (Hematocrit-%) and MCHC (Mean platelet volume-fl) values were significantly lower (P≤0.01) and the MPV value was higher (P<0.05) in sick cats compared to healthy cats. It was determined that RBC, HGB, HCT values were lower (P<0.05), WBC (P≤0.01) and PDW (P<0.05) values were higher in sick dogs compared to healthy dogs. In this study conducted on cats and dogs with lymphoma, it is thought that changes in some of the platelet indices may be significant for treatment management and prognosis. It has been concluded that further studies on the subject will contribute to the field of veterinary medicine. Keywords: Lymphoma, platelet, platelet indices, thrombocytopeni

Evaluation of Platelet Indices and Complete Blood Count in Canine Mammary Tumors

Background: Malignant mammary tumors in humans and bitches cause hematological disorders such as anemia, erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and leucopenia. Novel studies have been conducted on the predictive and prognostic values of platelet (PLT) indices in human breast cancer (HBC). However, there is little information about the alterations in hematological parameters in canine mammary tumors (CMTs). The aims of this study were to evaluate the platelet indices and complete blood count (CBC) parameters in bitches with and without mammary tumor and to assess the above mentioned parameters with regard to histological tumor types and grades.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 71 bitches were enrolled in this study. The bitches in the study group were divided into 2 groups which consisted of malignant epithelial mammary tumors (group EMT; n = 43) and malignant mixed mammary tumors (group MMT; n = 12). Control group (group C) consisted of clinically and gynaecologically healthy 16 bitches. Blood samples were obtained to perform the CBC and PLT indices analysis. Histopathological examinations were carried out under a light microscope. Histological tumor types and malignancy grades were classified. The bitches with mammary tumor showed significantly increased PLT values and decreased hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values versus the healthy ones, regardless of the tumor type. However, in comparisons with the group C, mean platelet volume (MPV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values were different only in the group MMT, while plateletcrit (PCT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were different only in the group EMT. Also white blood cell (WBC), PLT and PCT values were higher than the referenced laboratory ranges in grade 3 tumors. In the presented study, MPV was considerably correlated with PLT, platelet distribution width (PDW) and PCT. Also, PCT and PLT had high sensitivity and specificity to distinct EMT and MMT from the healthy bitches.Discussion: Microcytic and hypochromic anemia occurs due to the decrease in the amount of HGB. Levels of MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the HBC group were reported to be significantly lower than in humans without breast cancer. Although anemia did not occur in EMT and MMT groups, obtained significances in the HCT, HGB, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels between the bitches with and without mammary tumor were in line with the previous reports. In this study, WBC levels in grade 3 tumors were significantly higher than grade1 tumors (P < 0.05). Whereas levels of WBC in grade 1 and grade 2 tumors were in referenced laboratory ranges, it was higher in grade 3. Increased level of WBC in grade 3 was supposed to be due to the rise in malignancy as previously reported. Thrombocytosis was detected in 48.83% and 41.66% of the bitches in EMT and MMT groups, respectively. The higher percentage of CMTs with thrombocytosis in this study might be due to the difference in referenced upper limit of PLT in previous studies. The elapsed time between tumor formation and clinical presentation could be another influencing factor. Although PLT and PCT values were not significant according to the histological grading in this study, both parameters were found to be higher in grade 3 than the normal reference values. Further studies conducted with higher populations may lead the differences in these parameters to significance. With the support of further studies, alterations in the above mentioned parameters in bitches may contribute in the diagnosis process, management of treatment and may constitute an easy way to have an idea about the prognosis of mammary tumors

Eyelid tumors in dogs: 47 cases retrospective study (2006-2017)

Çalışmada 2006-2017 yılları arasında İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Cerrahi Anabilim Dalı Kliniği’ne göz kapağında kitle şikayeti ile getirilen ve sağaltımları yapılan toplam 47 köpeğe ait göz kapağı tümörleri olguları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olguların ayrıntılı göz muayenesi yapıldı. Kitlelerin uzaklaştırılmasında V şeklinde eksizyon yeğlenerek, tümör tam katlı olarak bölgeden uzaklaştırıldı. Yapılan histopatolojik inceleme sonucu, meibomian bezlerden köken alan neoplazmaların çoğunlukta olduğu belirlendi. Çalışma sonunda elde edilen veriler ile göz kapağı tümörü oluşumunda ırk predispozisyonu, yaşın ve cinsiyetin etkisi ile en yaygın görülen göz kapağı tümörü belirlenip, kullanılan cerrahi yöntemin rekonstruktif blefaroplastiye gerek kalmadan, kitlelerin uzaklaştırılmasında yeterli olduğu görüldü.In this study, the eyelid tumors and the treatment results of 47 dogs referred to Istanbul University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery with a complaint of eyelid masses were evaluated retrospectively. Cases underwent detailed ophtalmic examination. A V-shaped excision was performed and the tumor was removed in full-thickness. Histopathological examination revealed that most of the neoplasms originating from the meibomian glands were observed. The most common eyelid tumors and formation of the eyelid tumors with respect to the race predisposition, and effects of age and sex were defined. The surgical method used were sufficient for removal of the masses without the necessity of a reconstructive blepharoplasty

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of psittacines

This study describes histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of 50 epithelial and mesenchymal tumors of psittacines that were found in the archives of the pathology departments of veterinary faculties at Utrecht University and Istanbul University Cerrahpasa. In each case, cellular morphological features, tumoral pattern and mitotic activity were evaluated histologically, and immunohistochemistry was performed by the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method using a panel of commercially available antibodies raised against pan-cytokeratin, vimentin, muscle-specific actin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and Factor VIII/von Willebrand Factor. The histological evaluation revealed that 30 epithelial tumors were squamous cell carcinoma (n: 20), renal adenocarcinoma (n: 3), basal cell carcinoma (n: 2), abdominal carcinoma (n: 2), uropygial gland carcinoma (n: 1), cloacal carcinoma (n: 1) and cholangiocarcinoma (n: 1). Out of the 50 tumors, 13 had a mesenchymal origin and were diagnosed as fibrosarcoma (n: 4), hemangioma (n: 3), hemangiosarcoma (n: 4) and leiomyosarcoma (n: 2). Histological diagnosis could not be made for 7 tumors, and they were evaluated as undifferentiated malignant tumors (UDMT). Two tumors diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and three tumors diagnosed as UDMT showed strong SMA staining and were re-diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma. In view of the IHC findings, two other UDMTs were re-diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma. Although only a limited number of antibodies were used in the control panel, they were useful in establishing a definite diagnosis in some cases

A Case of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia in a Spider Monkey (Ateles paniscus)

This paper presents the gross and histopathologic findings of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia which is rarely seen in non-human primates. A 3-year-old female spider monkey (Ateles paniscus) was referred to the clinics of our faculty with the complaints of severe dyspnea, lethargy and cough and was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy following the radiographic examination. However, the monkey died due to depression of respiration before treatment was done. Necropsy was performed on the request of the owner. Dilated cardiomyopathy and irregularly shaped tumoral masses with diameters of 0.5-1.0 cm in the right and left ribs were detected. Following the histopathological examination, the lesions were diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia