Comparison of the Nutritional Values of Toddler Milks Available in Italy

If breast milk is not available infant formula ensures a balanced intake of nutrients and is undoubtedly more suitable for infants than cows’ milk. In particular, it should point out the absolute necessity to postpone to the end of the first year of life, or even after the 2 nd year, the use of cow's milk for the extreme imbalance of nutrients that lead to highprotein diets and low levels of polyunsaturated fats, iron and zinc. As a consequence, in the absence of breast milk, the use of an appropriately adapted formula in the first year of life and the use of “toddler milk” from 12 to 36 months may represent adequate nutritional alternatives, especially when compare to the use of cow milk, and in particular may  appear to play a fundamental role in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia. Different varieties of toddler milk are currently available in Italy. This review outlines the nutritional differences between breast, toddler and cows’ milks, and compares different brands of toddler milk

Second-generation probes for biosynthetic intermediate capture : towards a comprehensive profiling of polyketide assembly

Malonyl carba(dethia) N-decanoyl cysteamine methyl esters and novel acetoxymethyl esters were utilised as second-generation probes for polyketide intermediate capture. The use of these tools in vivo led to the characterisation of an almost complete set of biosynthetic intermediates from a modular assembly line, providing a first kinetic overview of intermediate processing leading to complex natural product formation

A Model-driven and Tool-supported Proposal for Defining Automatic Clinical Practice Guidelines

Modern clinical practices for treating pathologies are underpinned by evidence-based clinical knowledge, which is usually defined and formalized in a textual format using clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). This textual formalization causes a certain level of ambiguity, subjective interpretation of the clinical recommendations to be suggested and actions to be performed, and variability in clinical practice by different healthcare professionals facing similar clinical circumstances. This paper presents an industrial experience (GIMO-PD project) that proposes to improve formalization and reduce the clinical variability that exists when CPGs are followed by healthcare professionals during their professional activity. Specifically, this paper proposes a domain specific language for modelling CPGs without ambiguity, as well as model-driven and tool-supported mechanisms for the development of Web applications from a CPG model. At present, our proposal is being developed and validated in a real scenario of patients with Parkinson\u27s disease

Long-term 24-hour intraocular pressure control with travoprost monotherapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma

The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) efficacy of travoprost monotherapy in primary open-angle glaucoma patients

Chemical chain termination resolves the timing of ketoreduction in a partially reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase

Synthetic chain terminators were used to capture the biosynthetic intermediates from a partially reducing iterative type I polyketide synthase, which is integrated into a multimodular biosynthesis enzyme. The off-loaded metabolites clarified the timing of ketoreduction and aromatization in the assembly of the antibiotic micacocidin

Who can help me? Reconstructing users' psychological journeys in depression-related social media interactions

Social media are increasingly being used as self-help boards, where individuals can disclose personal experiences and feelings and look for support from peers or experts. Here we investigate several popular mental health-related Reddit boards about depression while proposing a novel psycho-social framework. We reconstruct users' psychological/linguistic profiles together with their social interactions. We cover a total of 303,016 users, engaging in 378,483 posts and 1,475,044 comments from 01/05/2018 to 01/05/2020. After identifying a network of users' interactions, e.g., who replied to whom, we open an unprecedented window over psycholinguistic, cognitive, and affective digital traces with relevance for mental health research. Through user-generated content, we identify four categories or archetypes of users in agreement with the Patient Health Engagement model: the emotionally turbulent/under blackout, the aroused, the adherent-yet-conflicted, and the eudaimonically hopeful. Analyzing users' transitions over time through conditional Markov processes, we show how these four archetypes are not consecutive stages. We do not find a linear progression or sequential patient journey, where users evolve from struggling to serenity through feelings of conflict. Instead, we find online users to follow spirals towards both negative and positive archetypal stages. Through psychological/linguistic and social network modelling, we can provide compelling quantitative pieces of evidence on how such a complex path unfolds through positive, negative, and conflicting online contexts. Our approach opens the way to data-informed understandings of psychological coping with mental health issues through social media.Comment: main article + supporting informatio

A proposito di storia della corte 'al femminile'. Nuove prospettive di ricerca su sovrane, reggenti e cortigiane.

Negli ultimi anni il tema del potere “politico” al femminile si è arricchito di una notevole mole di studi e, proprio in virtù di questo, ha bisogno di essere riformulato e definito sia nel lungo periodo che nelle sue specificità. In questo articolo si cercherà di capire cosa si intende infatti per potere e ruolo politico delle donne nello spazio della corte, facendo riferimento ad alcuni recenti studi che hanno aperto nuovi spazi di riflessione storiografica sulla storia delle corti “al femminile”. Si tenterà di dare risposta ad alcune questioni rilevanti dal punto di vista della narrazione storica e cioè se la gestione del potere da parte delle donne debba essere inteso come capacità di scelta e di gestione di spazi di autonomia e di intervento concreto nella sfera privata e pubblica e se e quando si possa parlare di un potere femminile autonomo da quello maschile in grado di generare una categoria diversa dello stesso concetto.Women’s “political” power has been investigated in a considerable amount of studies for the last years. In virtue of this, it needs to be reformulated and defined both in the long term and in its specificities. In this paper we will try to discern what both women’s power and their political role in the court mean by referring to some recent studies which opened up new spaces for historiographic reflection on the history of women’s courts. We will try to give an answer to some relevant questions from the standpoint of historical narrative: namely, whether women management of power should be intended as capacity of choice and an ability of administrating spaces of autonomy and of concrete intervention in the private and the public sphere as well; and whether and when it would be likely to speak of a women’s power independent of men’s power that is capable of giving rise to a different category of the same concept

Hand-Tool-Tissue Interaction Forces in Neurosurgery for Haptic Rendering

Haptics provides sensory stimuli that represent the interaction with a virtual or telemanipulated object, and it is considered a valuable navigation and manipulation tool during tele-operated surgical procedures. Haptic feedback can be provided to the user via cutaneous information and kinesthetic feedback. Sensory subtraction removes the kinesthetic component of the haptic feedback, having only the cutaneous component provided to the user. Such a technique guarantees a stable haptic feedback loop, while it keeps the transparency of the tele-operation system high, which means that the system faithfully replicates and render back the user's directives. This work focuses on checking whether the interaction forces during a bench model neurosurgery operation can lie in the solely cutaneous perception of the human finger pads. If this assumption is found true, it would be possible to exploit sensory subtraction techniques for providing surgeons with feedback from neurosurgery. We measured the forces exerted to surgical tools by three neurosurgeons performing typical actions on a brain phantom, using contact force sensors, whilst the forces exerted by the tools to the phantom tissue were recorded using a load cell placed under the brain phantom box. The measured surgeon-tool contact forces were 0.01 - 3.49 N for the thumb and 0.01 - 6.6 N for index and middle finger, whereas the measured tool- tissue interaction forces were from six to eleven times smaller than the contact forces, i.e., 0.01 - 0.59 N. The measurements for the contact forces fit the range of the cutaneous sensitivity for the human finger pad, thus, we can say that, in a tele-operated robotic neurosurgery scenario, it would possible to render forces at the fingertip level by conveying haptic cues solely through the cutaneous channel of the surgeon's finger pads. This approach would allow high transparenc