Nutritional interventions for the management of frailty in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Context: Although nutrition is considered an important intervention for the management of frailty, the actual effectiveness of interventions addressing nutrition in frail older people remains unclear. / Objective: The aim for this systematic review was to appraise the evidence regarding the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for the management of frailty in older adults. / Data Extraction: We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature databases were searched from January 2001 to November 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. From 2370 initial records, 19 publications presenting data from 17 studies (1564 individuals; follow-up: 7–96 weeks) were included. / Data Analysis: None of the Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses comparing nutritional supplements with placebo regarding mortality, body mass index, weight, frailty status, muscle strength, gait speed, body composition, and cognitive function showed statistically significant differences. The same applies to a single meta-analysis comparing nutritional education with general health advice regarding muscle strength. / Conclusion: Our results suggest, mostly with low to very low degrees of certainty, that nutritional supplements or nutritional education delivered in isolation may not be effective for the management of frailty in older people

Targetting EBV associated malignancies using HLA-A2/EBNA-1 specific monoclonal antibodies

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Phytochemical and anti‐plasmodial screening of three selected tropical plants used for the treatment of malaria in Oshogbo, south-western Nigeria

The use of herbal remedy is featuring prominently as alternative to orthodox medicine but little is known on scientific validation of their efficacies in malaria treatment. Questionnaire survey was conducted in Osogbo metropolis to identify the frequently used antiplasmodial herbal remedies. The aqueous extracts of the three frequently used antimalaria herbs, Mangifera indica leaves, Lawsonia inermis leaves and Enanthia chlorantha stem bark were prepared as described by herbal vendors and subsequently analyzed for phytochemical constituents and antiplasmodial efficiencies using mice model. The qualititave phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed differences in the phytochemical constituents of the three plants. The comparison of the parasite load before and after treatment showed that the parasitamia level reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in the mice treated with E. chlorantha and M. indica but increased significantly (p = 0.012; p < 0.05) in the group treated with L. inermis while no parasite was detected in the group treated with chloroquine (antimalaria drug) after treatment. The treated groups had higher concentrations of creatinine, urea, bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphate in comparison with the control, an indication of the plant extracts cyto‐toxicity. The results therefore showed that the extracts of E. chlorantha and M. indica only possess chemosupressive not curative antimalaria potential while L. inermis did not show any antiplasmodial effect. Further screening on antimalaria herbal remedies therefore becomes imperative so as to guide the policy on malaria treatment regime in Nigeria.Key words: Phytochemistry, antiplasmodial, plant extracts, biochemical marker

Circulating Levels of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Peer Reviewe

BIODEGRADATION OF BISPHENOL A BY ALGAL-BACTERIAL SYSTEMS

創価大

カガクシ ト ビブリオグラフィ

In this paper, I aim at describing the passion for bibliography-making in the history of science in Japan and U.S.A. and suggesting a modest contribution of the bibliographies of the history of science to classifying library books. In Isis, the journal of the history of science in U.S.A. launched by George Alfred Leon Sarton (1884-1956), the bibliographies were main contents. Sarton\u27s passion for bibliography-making is still inherited as the Current Bibliography, supported by the organized backup. In Japan, Kagakushi Kenkyu (Journal of History of Science, Japan) has had bibliographies in some periods before and after the WWII, owing to some personal efforts, but lost them since 1995. From the viewpoint of history of science, it is undesirable that the books of science are classified into too subdivided disciplines in the library, because the disciplines of science have been reorganized to synthesize or split

Radiation Induced Cell Death in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma : An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study

To study the process of cell death in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after radiation, an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study was performed. Paraffinembedded tissue blocks of biopsy samples pre- and postradiation stage III SCC (n = 15) were collected. Irradiation caused varying ultrastructural changes including nuclear and cytoplasmic disorganization suggesting cell necrosis. Immunohistochemically, the pre-radiation specimens showed no positive reaction for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- ﾎｱ),tumor necrosis factor-receptor(TNF-ﾎｳ)or Fas. C-fos, p 53 and bcl-2 showed positive reactions in only a few nonirradiated specimens. All of the irradiated specimens showed a positive reaction for TNF-ﾎｱ,and variable positive reactions were observed for TNF-ﾎｳ,Fas, p 53, c-fos and bcl-2. These results suggest that TNF-ﾎｱ,TNF-ﾎｳ,and c-fos are responsible for radiation induced cell death in cervical SCC

Process eco-innovation: assessing meso-level eco-efficiency in industrial water-service systems

Eco-innovation combines economic advantage with lower ecological-resource burdens. Eco-innovation has been generally directed at energy input-substitutes, component recycling, etc. Some companies have made investments reducing resource burdens in the production process. This study investigated options for eco-efficiency improvement in two large manufacturing companies, Volvo and Arla Foods. Their impetus for eco-innovation comes from the companies' environmental policies, as well as from external drivers such as future higher costs and resource scarcity. Relative to their respective industrial sector, these companies represent strong prospects for reducing resource burdens in water-service processes, especially from chemical inputs and wastewater. Such eco-innovations involve more complex interactions beyond the production site, so the options warrant a whole-system comparative assessment. The EcoWater project has analysed the entire water-service value chain through meso-level interactions among heterogeneous actors (process-water users, providers and wastewater treatment companies). The project has developed a methodology to obtain the necessary information, to involve stakeholders in the assessment and to facilitate their discussion on alternative options. Each study stimulated internal company discussions on the need and means to evaluate whole-system effects of investment decisions. Inter-organisational cooperation helped to anticipate how meso-level resource efficiency relates to lower burdens in wastewater treatment. The assessment method can be extended to any water-service system. By comparing options, the method can facilitate better decisions improving meso-level resource efficiency. As wider implications, some improvement options may complicate ‘eco-innovation’ as double-eco benefits: win-win for whom, where and what level