42,329 research outputs found
The impact of Chinese import penetration on the South African manufacturing sector
This article uses a Chenery-type decomposition and econometric estimation to evaluate the impact of Chinese trade on production and employment in South African manufacturing from 1992 to 2010. The results suggest that increased import penetration from China caused South African manufacturing output to be 5 per cent lower in 2010 than it otherwise would have been. The estimated reduction of total employment in manufacturing as a result of trade with China is larger – in 2010 about 8 per cent – because the declines in output were concentrated on labour-intensive industries and because the increase in imports raised labour productivity within industries
The quantum-mechanical basis of an extended Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for a current-carrying ferromagnetic wire
An extended Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is introduced to describe
the dynamics of inhomogeneous magnetization in a current-carrying wire. The
coefficients of all the terms in this equation are calculated
quantum-mechanically for a simple model which includes impurity scattering.
This is done by comparing the energies and lifetimes of a spin wave calculated
from the LLG equation and from the explicit model. Two terms are of particular
importance since they describe non-adiabatic spin-transfer torque and damping
processes which do not rely on spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that these
terms may have a significant influence on the velocity of a current-driven
domain wall and they become dominant in the case of a narrow wall.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur
A selfconsistent theory of current-induced switching of magnetization
A selfconsistent theory of the current-induced switching of magnetization
using nonequilibrium Keldysh formalism is developed for a junction of two
ferromagnets separated by a nonmagnetic spacer. It is shown that the
spin-transfer torques responsible for current-induced switching of
magnetization can be calculated from first principles in a steady state when
the magnetization of the switching magnet is stationary. The spin-transfer
torque is expressed in terms of one-electron surface Green functions for the
junction cut into two independent parts by a cleavage plane immediately to the
left and right of the switching magnet. The surface Green functions are
calculated using a tight-binding Hamiltonian with parameters determined from a
fit to an {\it ab initio} band structure.This treatment yields the spin
transfer torques taking into account rigorously contributions from all the
parts of the junction. To calculate the hysteresis loops of resistance versus
current, and hence to determine the critical current for switching, the
microscopically calculated spin-transfer torques are used as an input into the
phenomenological Landau-Lifshitz equation with Gilbert damping. The present
calculations for Co/Cu/Co(111) show that the critical current for switching is
, which is in good agreement with experiment.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figure
User's manual for the TRW gaspipe program. A vapor-gas front analysis program for heat pipes containing noncondensible gas
Digital computer program manual for design, analysis, and performance prediction of heat pipes with noncondensible gases including input/output routines and Runge-Kutta model
User's manual for the TRW gaspipe 2 program: A vapor-gas front analysis program for heat pipes containing non-condensible gas
A digital computer program for design and analysis of heat pipes which contain non-condensible gases, either for temperature control or to aid in start-up from the frozen state, is presented. Some of the calculations which are possible with the program are: (1) wall temperature profile along a gas-loaded heat pipe, (2) amount of gas loading necessary to obtain desired evaporator temperature at a desired heat load, (3) heat load versus evaporator temperature for a fixed amount of gas in the pipe, and (4) heat and mass transfer along the pipe, including the vapor-gas front region
Concept for controlled transverse emittance transfer within a linac ion beam
For injection of beams into circular machines with different horizontal and
vertical emittance acceptance, the injection efficiency can be increased if
these beams are flat, i.e. if they feature unequal transverse emittances.
Generation of flat electron beams is well known and has been demonstrated
already in beam experiments. It was proposed also for ion beams that were
generated in an Electron Cyclotron-Resonance (ECR) source. We introduce an
extension of the method to beams that underwent charge state stripping without
requiring their generation inside an ECR source. Results from multi-particle
simulations are presented to demonstrate the validity of the method.Comment: 23 pages (preprint style), 14 Figures, submitted to PRST-A
Investigation of aeroelastic stability phenomena of a helicopter by in-flight shake test
The analytical capability of the helicopter stability program is discussed. The parameters which are found to be critical to the air resonance characteristics of the soft in-plane hingeless rotor systems are detailed. A summary of two model test programs, a 1/13.8 Froude-scaled BO-105 model and a 1.67 meter (5.5 foot) diameter Froude-scaled YUH-61A model, are presented with emphasis on the selection of the final parameters which were incorporated in the full scale YUH-61A helicopter. Model test data for this configuration are shown. The actual test results of the YUH-61A air resonance in-flight shake test stability are presented. Included are a concise description of the test setup, which employs the Grumman Automated Telemetry System (ATS), the test technique for recording in-flight stability, and the test procedure used to demonstrate favorable stability characteristics with no in-plane damping augmentation (lag damper removed). The data illustrating the stability trend of air resonance with forward speed and the stability trend of ground resonance for percent airborne are presented
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