Measuring the Perceived Content of Auditory Objects Using a Matching Paradigm

Two previous studies manipulated spatial cues to alter the perceptual organization of a sound mixture containing an ambiguous sound element (a pure tone; the “target”) that could belong to two competing auditory objects (a sequential tone stream and a simultaneous harmonic complex). In both studies, the sum of the contributions of the target to the two objects was less than the physical target level in the mixture. However, many listeners had difficulties making consistent judgments about the perceptual contribution of the target to the harmonic complex. The current study used stimuli similar to those used in the previous study, but with a target made up of five tones rather than a single pure tone. In addition, listeners performed a direct matching task to indicate the perceptual contribution of the target to the competing objects rather than relying on an indirect mapping procedure. The matching task proved to be efficient and reliable. However, the complex-tone target was perceptually stronger in the harmonic complex and weaker in the sequential tone stream than in past studies. As a result, the sum of the target contributions to the two objects roughly equaled the physical target level for all tested spatial configurations, unlike in the previous studies

Relacionamento terapêutico e ensino de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental: tendências no Estado de São Paulo Relación terapéutica enseñanza de enfermería psiquiátrica y salud mental: actualidades en el Estado de São Paulo Therapeutic relationship and teaching of mental health psychiatric nursing: tendencies in the State of São Paulo

Este estudo apresenta um panorama sobre a inserção da temática do relacionamento terapêutico e da comunicação terapêutica no ensino de graduação em enfermagem, mais particularmente nas universidades públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritivo-analítica. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário aplicado a professores da área de enfermagem psiquiátrica e saúde mental das nove escolas do Estado, sendo que oito devolveram o questionário preenchido. Os dados foram agrupados levando-se em consideração a instituição, as disciplinas, os conteúdos abordados, os objetivos das atividades práticas e campos práticos. Verificamos que a maioria das escolas aborda o relacionamento terapêutico em suas propostas de ensino, configurando-se como uma possibilidade de se resgatar a enfermagem enquanto profissão que se preocupa com o ser humano em sua complexidade, em que o saber-fazer preconizado é direcionado ao respeito das limitações, potencialidades, necessidades e relações interpessoais dos pacientes.<br>Este estudio presenta un panorama sobre la inserción de la temática de la relación y comunicación terapéutica, en la enseñanza del pre grado en enfermería particularmente en las universidades públicas del Estado de São Paulo. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de tipo descriptivo-analítica. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario aplicado a profesores del área de enfermería psiquiátrica y salud mental de las nueve escuelas del Estado, de las cuales ocho devolvieron el cuestionario llenado. Los datos fueron agrupados lleván-dose en consideración la institución, las disciplinas, los contenidos abordados, los objetivos de las actividades prácticas y campos prácticos. Verificamos que la mayoría de las escuelas aborda la relación terapéutica en sus propuestas de enseñanza, configurándose como una posibilidad de rescatarse la enfermería en cuanto profesión que se preocupa por el ser humano en su complejidad, en donde el saber hacer preconizado es orientado hacia el respeto de las limitaciones, potencialidades, necesidades y relaciones interpersonales de los pacientes.<br>This study presents a panorama of the insertion of the thematic of therapeutic relationship and therapeutic communication in undergraduate courses in Nursing in the public universities of the State of São Paulo. This is a qualitative and descriptive-analytical research. Data was collected through a questionnaire applied on professors of the area of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health from 8 schools and grouped according to the institution, the disciplines, the program and the objectives of the practical activities and practical fields. It was verified that most schools include the therapeutic relationship in their teaching approach, which makes possible the rescue of Nursing as a profession that is concerned with the human being in his/her complexity, in which the know-how is directed to the respect of the patients' limitations, potentialities, needs and interpersonal relations

Intersensory binding across space and time: A tutorial review

Spatial ventriloquism refers to the phenomenon that a visual stimulus such as a flash can attract the perceived location of a spatially discordant but temporally synchronous sound. An analogous example of mutual attraction between audition and vision has been found in the temporal domain, where temporal aspects of a visual event, such as its onset, frequency, or duration, can be biased by a slightly asynchronous sound. In this review, we examine various manifestations of spatial and temporal attraction between the senses (both direct effects and aftereffects), and we discuss important constraints on the occurrence of these effects. Factors that potentially modulate ventriloquism—such as attention, synesthetic correspondence, and other cognitive factors—are described. We trace theories and models of spatial and temporal ventriloquism, from the traditional unity assumption and modality appropriateness hypothesis to more recent Bayesian and neural network approaches. Finally, we summarize recent evidence probing the underlying neural mechanisms of spatial and temporal ventriloquism. Keywords: Multisensory, Processing, Temporal processing, Spatial localizatio