Abundances of the elements in the solar system

A review of the abundances and condensation temperatures of the elements and their nuclides in the solar nebula and in chondritic meteorites. Abundances of the elements in some neighboring stars are also discussed.Comment: 42 pages, 11 tables, 8 figures, chapter, In Landolt- B\"ornstein, New Series, Vol. VI/4B, Chap. 4.4, J.E. Tr\"umper (ed.), Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 560-63

Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for Ocotea species (Lauraceae) threatened with extinction

The Atlantic rainforest species Ocotea catharinensis, Ocotea odorifera, and Ocotea porosa have been extensively harvested in the past for timber and oil extraction and are currently listed as threatened due to overexploitation. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of these species, we developed 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers for O. odorifera from an enriched microsatellite library by using 2 dinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite markers were tested for cross-amplification in O. catharinensis and O. porosa. The average number of alleles per locus was 10.2, considering all loci over 2 populations of O. odorifera. Observed and expected heterozygosities for O. odorifera ranged from 0.39 to 0.93 and 0.41 to 0.92 across populations, respectively. Cross-amplification of all loci was successfully observed in O. catharinensis and O. porosa except 1 locus that was found to lack polymorphism in O. porosa. Combined probabilities of identity in the studied Ocotea species were very low ranging from 1.0 x 10-24 to 7.7 x 10-24. The probability of exclusion over all loci estimated for O. odorifera indicated a 99.9% chance of correctly excluding a random nonparent individual. The microsatellite markers described in this study have high information content and will be useful for further investigations on genetic diversity within these species and for subsequent conservation purposes

Development And Characterization Of Microsatellite Loci For Ocotea Species (lauraceae) Threatened With Extinction

The Atlantic rainforest species Ocotea catharinensis, Ocotea odorifera, and Ocotea porosa have been extensively harvested in the past for timber and oil extraction and are currently listed as threatened due to overexploitation. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of these species, we developed 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers for O. odorifera from an enriched microsatellite library by using 2 dinucleotide repeats. The microsatellite markers were tested for cross-amplification in O. catharinensis and O. porosa. The average number of alleles per locus was 10.2, considering all loci over 2 populations of O. odorifera. Observed and expected heterozygosities for O. odorifera ranged from 0.39 to 0.93 and 0.41 to 0.92 across populations, respectively. Cross-amplification of all loci was successfully observed in O. catharinensis and O. porosa except 1 locus that was found to lack polymorphism in O. porosa. Combined probabilities of identity in the studied Ocotea species were very low ranging from 1.0 × 10-24 to 7.7 × 10-24. The probability of exclusion over all loci estimated for O. odorifera indicated a 99.9% chance of correctly excluding a random nonparent individual. The microsatellite markers described in this study have high information content and will be useful for further investigations on genetic diversity within these species and for subsequent conservation purposes. © FUNPEC-RP.13351385142Araújo, P.A.M., Fichas dendrológicas comerciais e industriais brasileiras: Imbuia (1948) Anu. Bras. Econ. Flor., 1, pp. 348-352Billotte, N., Lagoda, P.J.L., Risterucci, A.M., Baurens, F.C., Microsatellite-enriched libraries: Applied methodology for the development of SSR markers in tropical crops (1999) Fruits, 54, pp. 277-288Carvalho, P.E.R., (1994) Espécies Florestais Brasileiras: Recomendações Silviculturais, Potencialidades e Uso da Madeira., , EMBRAPA-CNPF, BrasíliaDoyle, J.J., Doyle, J.L., A rapid DNA isolation procedure for a small amount of fresh leaf tissue (1987) Phytochem. Bull., 19, pp. 11-15Goudet, J., (2001) FSTAT, A Program to Estimate and Test Gene Diversities and Fixation Indices (version 2.9.3)., , http://www2.unil.ch/popgen/softwares/fstat.htm, Available at Accessed August 2012Klein, R., (1980) Ecologia da Flora e Vegetação do Vale do Itajaí., p. 389. , SellowiaMartins, W.S., Lucas, D.C., Neves, K.F., Bertioli, D.J., WebSat-a web software for microsatellite marker development (2009) Bioinformation, 3, pp. 282-283(2008) Instrução Normativa n°.6 de 23/09/2008., , MMA (Ministério do Meio Ambiente)Peakall, R., Smouse, P.E., GenAlEx 6: Genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research (2006) Mol. Ecol. Notes, 6, pp. 288-295Reitz, R., Klein, R.M., Reis, A., (1978) Projeto Madeira de Santa Catarina., pp. 28-30. , SellowiaRohwer, J.G., Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Lauraceae: Evidence from matK sequences (2000) Syst. Bot., 25, pp. 60-71Rozen, S., Skaletsky, H.J., Primer3: Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols (2000) Methods in Molecular Biology., pp. 365-386. , http://http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/, In: (Krawetz S and Misener S, eds.). Humana Press, New Jersey, Available at Accessed August 2012Van Oosterhout, C., Hutchinson, W.F., Wills, D.P.M., Shipley, P., Micro-Checker: Software for identifying and correcting genotyping erros in microsatellite data (2004) Mol. Ecol. Notes, 4, pp. 535-538Varty, N., (1998) Ocotea pretiosa, , www.iucnredlist.org, IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Available at. Accessed April 17, 2012Varty, N., Guadagnin, D.L., (1998) Ocotea catharinensis, , www.iucnredlist.org, (1998a). IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Available at Accessed April 17, 2012Varty, N., Guadagnin, D.L., (1998) Ocotea porosa, , www.iucnredlist.org, (1998b). IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Available at Accessed April 17, 201

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora