9 research outputs found
Improvement of the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: An Endemic Problem In Brazil [pseudomonas Aeruginosa Multirresistente: Um Problema Endêmico No Brasil]
Global reports have documented the endemicity of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with high levels of morbidity/mortality. In Brazil, outbreaks of MDR P. aeruginosa have been related to clonal dissemination. Currently, therapeutic options for the treatment of these infections are restricted to carbapenemic antibiotics (i.e., imipenem [IPM]). Thus, carbapenem resistance is a public health issue, since carbapenems are considered the last resort to nosocomial infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacteria. In Brazil, the main mechanisms associated with MDR P. aeruginosa phenotypes are metallo-betalactamase (MBL) production (SPM-1 enzyme), presence of 16S rRNA methylase RmtD, loss of OprD porin, and overexpression of efflux pumps, which may explain the high level of carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance. Accordingly, the emergence and dissemination of MDR strains is worrisome. Finally, based on national reports published by different groups of investigators, it is deduced that the convergence of multiple mechanisms of P. aeruginosa resistance has played a major role in the selection of endemic MDR clones widespread in Brazil.474409420Aedekerk, S., Characterization of a new efflux pump, MexGHI-OpmD, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that confers resistance to vanadium (2002) Microbiology, 148 (8), pp. 2371-2381Aeschlimann, J.R., The role of multidrug efflux pumps in the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria insights from the society of infectious diseases pharmacists (2003) Pharmacotherapy, 23 (7), pp. 916-924. , DOI 10.1592/phco.23.7.916.32722Andrade, S.S., Jones, R.N., Gales, A.C., Sader, H.S., Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Latin American medical centres: 5 year report of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2001) [2] (2003) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (1), pp. 140-141Andrade, S.S., Picao, R.C., Campana, E.H., Nicoletti, A.G., Pignatari, A.C.C., Gales, A.C., Influence of disk preparation on detection of metallo-β-lactamase- producing isolates by the combined disk assay (2007) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 45 (6), pp. 2058-2060. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.02467-06Arakawa, Y., Shibata, N., Shibayama, K., Kurokawa, H., Yagi, T., Fujiwara, H., Goto, M., Convenient test for screening metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram- negative bacteria by using thiol compounds (2000) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 38 (1), pp. 40-43Blair, J., Structure, function and inhibition of RND efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria: An update (2009) Current Opinion in Microbiology, 12 (5), pp. 512-519Butaye, P., Cloeckaert, A., Schwarz, S., Mobile genes coding for efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (2003) International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 22 (3), pp. 205-210. , DOI 10.1016/S0924-8579(03)00202-4Castanheira, M., Toleman, M.A., Jones, R.N., Schmidt, F.J., Walsh, T.R., Molecular characterization of a β-lactamase gene, bla GIM.1, encoding a new subclass of metallo-β-lactamase (2004) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (12), pp. 4654-4661. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.48.12.4654-4661.2004Davies, J., Wright, G.D., Bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics (1997) Trends in Microbiology, 5 (6), pp. 234-240. , DOI 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01033-0De Freitas, A.L., Barth, A.L., Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Focus on imipenem (2002) Braz J Infect Dis, 6 (1), pp. 1-7Denny, B.J., Novotny, L., West, P.W.J., Blesova, M., Zamocka, J., Antimicrobial activity of a series of 1-alkyl-2-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium bromides against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (2005) Medical Principles and Practice, 14 (6), pp. 377-381. , DOI 10.1159/000088108Doi, Y., De Oliveira Garcia, D., Adams, J., Paterson, D.L., Coproduction of novel 16S rRNA methylase RmtD and metallo-β- lactamase SPM-1 in a panresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from Brazil (2007) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51 (3), pp. 852-856. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.01345-06Doi, Y., Adams-Haduch, J.M., Paterson, D.L., Genetic environment of 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtD (2008) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 52 (6), pp. 2270-2272. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.00037-08Doi, Y., Ghilardi, A.C.R., Adams, J., De Oliveira Garcia, D., Paterson, D.L., High prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase and 16S rRNA methylase coproduction among imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Brazil (2007) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51 (9), pp. 3388-3390. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.00443-07Doi, Y., Yokoyama, K., Yamane, K., Wachino, J.-I., Shibata, N., Yagi, T., Shibayama, K., Arakawa, Y., Plasmid-Mediated 16S rRNA Methylase in Serratia marcescens Conferring High-Level Resistance to Aminoglycosides (2004) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (2), pp. 491-496. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.48.2.491-496.2004Doi, Y., Arakawa, Y., 16S ribosomal RNA methylation: Emerging resistance mechanism against aminoglycosides (2007) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 45 (1), pp. 88-94. , DOI 10.1086/518605El Salabi, A., (2009) Novel Subclase of a Group B1 Metallobeta-lactamase, TMB-1, in Clinical and Non-clinical Gram-negative Bacteria from Libya, , 49 th Interscience Conference in Antimicrobial Agentes and Chemotherapy ICAAC. San Francisco, CA, USA, n. C1-1365Evans, J.C., Segal, H., A novel insertion sequence, ISPa26, in oprD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with carbapenem resistance [2] (2007) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 51 (10), pp. 3776-3777. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.00837-07Fehlberg, L.C.C., (2010) Estudo Comparativo dos Mecanismos de Resistência Aos Beta-lactâmicos em Amostras Clínicas de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isoladas de Infecção de Corrente Sanguínea No Brasil e Nos Estados Unidos da América, , Dissertação Mestrado - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São PauloFigueiredo-Mendes, C.M., Sinto, S., Mello-Sampaio, J.L., Cardoso-Leao, S., Paz Oplustil, C., Turner, P., Veiga-Kiffer, C.R., Ykko, S., Pseudomonas aeruginosa clonal dissemination in Brazilian intensive care units (2005) Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica, 23 (7), pp. 402-405. , DOI 10.1157/13078798Filho, L.S., Determinação da produção de metalo-B-lactamases em amostras de P. aeruginosa isoladas em João Pessoa, Paraíba (2002) J Bras Patol Med Lab, 38 (4), pp. 291-296Fukuda, H., NfxC-type quinolone resistance in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1995) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39 (3), pp. 790-792Fung-Tomc, J.C., Activity of carbapenem BMS-181139 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not dependent on porin protein D2 (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39 (2), pp. 386-393Furtado, G.H.C., D'Azevedo, P.A., Santos, A.F., Gales, A.C., Pignatari, A.C.C., Medeiros, E.A.S., Intravenous polymyxin B for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2007) International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 30 (4), pp. 315-319. , DOI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.05.017, PII S0924857907002622Gales, A.C., Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital (2004) Braz J Infect Dis, 8 (4), pp. 267-271Gales, A.C., Menezes, L.C., Silbert, S., Sader, H.S., Dissemination in distinct Brazilian regions of an epidemic carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing SPM metallo-β- lactamase (2003) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (4), pp. 699-702. , DOI 10.1093/jac/dkg416Galimand, M., Plasmid-mediated high-level resistance to aminoglycosides in Enterobacteriaceae due to 16S rRNA methylation (2005) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47 (8), pp. 2565-2571Gonçalves, D.C., Detection of metallo-betalactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized patients in Goiânia, state of Goiás (2009) Rev Soc Bras Med, 42 (4), pp. 411-414Huang, H., Hancock, R.E.W., The role of specific surface loop regions in determining the function of the imipenem-specific pore protein OprD of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1996) Journal of Bacteriology, 178 (11), pp. 3085-3090Kaatz, G.W., Inhibition of bacterial efflux pumps: A new strategy to combat increasing antimicrobial agent resistance (2002) Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 7 (2), pp. 223-233. , DOI 10.1517/14728214.7.2.223Khan, T.Z., Early pulmonary inflammation in infants with cystic fibrosis (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151 (4), pp. 1075-1082Kiffer, C., Hsiung, A., Oplustil, C., Sampaio, J., Sakagami, E., Turner, P., Mendes, C., Antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria in Brazilian hospitals: The MYSTIC Program Brazil 2003 (2005) Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9 (3), pp. 216-224. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjid/v9n3/a04v9n3.pdfKohler, T., Michea-Hamzehpour, M., Epp, S.F., Pechere, J.-C., Carbapenem activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Respective contributions of OprD and efflux systems (1999) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43 (2), pp. 424-427Kohler, T., Epp, S.F., Curty, L.K., Pechere, J.-C., Characterization of MexT, the regulator of the MexE-MexF-OprN multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1999) Journal of Bacteriology, 181 (20), pp. 6300-6305Kohler, T., Michea-Hamzehpour, M., Plesiat, P., Kahr, A.-L., Pechere, J.-C., Differential selection of multidrug efflux systems by quinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1997) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 41 (11), pp. 2540-2543Kokis, V.M., Moreira, B.M., Pellegrino, F.L.P.C., Silva, M.G., Long, J.B., Bastos, C.C.R., Santos, K.R.N., Identification of an imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone among patients in a hospital in Rio de Janeiro (2005) Journal of Hospital Infection, 60 (1), pp. 19-26. , DOI 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.11.019, PII S0195670105000022Kriengkauykiat, J., Porter, E., Lomovskaya, O., Wong-Beringer, A., Use of an efflux pump inhibitor to determine the prevalence of efflux pump-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance and multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49 (2), pp. 565-570. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.49.2.565-570.2005Lauretti, L., Riccio, M.L., Mazzariol, A., Cornaglia, G., Amicosante, G., Fontana, R., Rossolini, G.M., Cloning and characterization of bla(VIM), a new integron-borne metallo- β-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (1999) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43 (7), pp. 1584-1590Lee, K., Lim, Y.S., Yong, D., Yum, J.H., Chong, Y., Evaluation of the Hodge test and the imipenem-EDTA double-disk synergy test for differentiating metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. (2003) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 41 (10), pp. 4623-4629. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.41.10.4623-4629.2003Lee, K., Yum, J.H., Yong, D., Lee, H.M., Kim, H.D., Docquier, J.-D., Rossolini, G.M., Chong, Y., Novel acquired metallo-β-lactamase gene, bla SIM-1, in a class 1 integron from Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Korea (2005) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 49 (11), pp. 4485-4491. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.49.11.4485-4491.2005Levin, A.S., Barone, A.A., Penco, J., Santos, M.V., Marinho, I.S., Arruda, E.A.G., Manrique, E.I., Costa, S.F., Intravenous colistin as therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii (1999) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28 (5), pp. 1008-1011Li, X.-Z., Poole, K., Nikaido, H., Contributions of MexAB-OprM and an EmrE homolog to intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides and dyes (2003) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 47 (1), pp. 27-33. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.47.1.27-33.2003Li, X.Z., Zhang, L., Poole, K., Interplay between the MexA-MexB-OprM multidrug efflux system and the outer membrane barrier in the multiple antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 45 (4), pp. 433-436Li, X.-Z., Livermore, D.M., Nikaido, H., Role of efflux pump(s) in intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and norfloxacin (1994) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 38 (8), pp. 1732-1741Li, X., Nikaido, H., Efflux-mediated drug resistance in bacteria an update (2009) Drugs, 69 (12), pp. 1555-1623Li, Y., Mima, T., Komori, Y., Morita, Y., Kuroda, T., Mizushima, T., Tsuchiya, T., A new member of the tripartite multidrug efflux pumps, MexVW-OprM, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2003) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 52 (4), pp. 572-575. , DOI 10.1093/jac/dkg390Lincopan, N., Balanoposthitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa co-producing metallo-betalactamase and 16S rRNA methylase in children with hematological malignancies (2010) Int J Infect Dis, 14 (4), pp. e344-e347Lincopan, N., McCulloch, J.A., Reinert, C., Cassettari, V.C., Gales, A.C., Mamizuka, E.M., First isolation of metallo-β-lactamase-producing multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a patient in Brazil (2005) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43 (1), pp. 516-519. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.43.1.516-519.2005Lincopan, N., Trabulsi, L.R., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2008) Microbiologia, 5, pp. 369-381. , TRABULSI, L. R.ALTERTHUM, F, ed. São Paulo: AtheneuLister, P.D., Antibacterial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Clinical impact and complex regulation of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms (2009) Clin Microbiol Rev, 22 (4), pp. 582-610Livermore, D.M., Bacterial resistance: Origins, epidemiology, and impact (2003) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S11-S23. , DOI 10.1086/344654Livermore, D.M., Interplay of impermeability and chromosomal beta-lactamase activity in imipenemresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 36 (9), pp. 2046-2048Livermore, D.M., Multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Our worst nightmare? (2002) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34 (5), pp. 634-640. , DOI 10.1086/338782Livermore, D.M., Of Pseudomonas, porins, pumps and carbapenems (2001) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 47 (3), pp. 247-250Livermore, D.M., Woodford, N., Carbapenemases: A problem in waiting? (2000) Current Opinion in Microbiology, 3 (5), pp. 489-495Llanes, C., Hocquet, D., Vogne, C., Benali-Baitich, D., Neuwirth, C., Plesiat, P., Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Overproducing MexAB-OprM and MexXY Efflux Pumps Simultaneously (2004) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48 (5), pp. 1797-1802. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.48.5.1797-1802.2004Lomovskaya, O., Warren, M.S., Lee, A., Galazzo, J., Fronko, R., Lee, M., Blais, J., Lee, V.J., Identification and characterization of inhibitors of multidrug resistance efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Novel agents for combination therapy (2001) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45 (1), pp. 105-116. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.45.1.105-116.2001Luzzaro, F., Endimiani, A., Docquier, J.-D., Mugnaioli, C., Bonsignori, M., Amicosante, G., Rossolini, G.M., Toniolo, A., Prevalence and characterization of metallo-β-lactamases in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2004) Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 48 (2), pp. 131-135. , DOI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2003.09.005Marchiaro, P., Mussi, M.A., Ballerini, V., Pasteran, F., Viale, A.M., Vila, A.J., Limansky, A.S., Sensitive EDTA-based microbiological assays for detection of metallo-β-lactamases in nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria (2005) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43 (11), pp. 5648-5652. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.43.11.5648-5652.2005Maseda, H., Yoneyama, H., Nakae, T., Assignment of the substrate-selective subunits of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux pump of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44 (3), pp. 658-664. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.44.3.658-664.2000Masuda, N., Sakagawa, E., Ohya, S., Gotoh, N., Tsujimoto, H., Nishino, T., Substrate specificities of MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, and MexXY-OprM efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 44 (12), pp. 3322-3327. , DOI 10.1128/AAC.44.12.3322-3327.2000Masuda, N., Ohya, S., Cross-resistance to meropenem, cephems, and quinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1992) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 36 (9), pp. 1847-1851Mendes, C., Oplustil, C., Sakagami, E., Turner, P., Kiffer, C., Antimicrobial susceptibility in intensive care units: MYSTIC Program Brazil 2002 (2005) Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9 (1), pp. 44-51. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjid/v9n1/24444.pdfMendes, R.E., Metalo-β-lactamases (2006) J Bras Patol Med Lab, 42 (2), pp. 103-113Mesaros, N., Glupczynski, Y., Avrain, L., Caceres, N.E., Tulkens, P.M., Van Bambeke, F., A combined phenotypic and genotypic method for the detection of Mex efflux pumps in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2007) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 59 (3), pp. 378-386. , DOI 10.1093/jac/dkl504Mima, T., Sekiya, H., Mizushima, T., Kuroda, T., Tsuchiya, T., Gene cloning and properties of the RND-type multidrug efflux pumps MexPQ-OpmE and MexMN-OprM from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2005) Microbiology and Immunology, 49 (11), pp. 999-1002. , http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mandi/49/11/999/_pdfMima, T., Joshi, S., Gomez-Escalada, M., Schweizer, H.P., Identification and characterization of TriABC-OpmH, a triclosan efflux pump of Pseudomonas aeruginosa requiring two membrane fusion proteins (2007) Journal of Bacteriology, 189 (21), pp. 7600-7609. , DOI 10.1128/JB.00850-07Mine, T., Morita, Y., Kataoka, A., Mizushima, T., Tsuchiya, T., Expression in Escherichia coli of a new multidrug efflux pump, MexXY, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1999) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43 (2), pp. 415-417Muller-Premru, M., Lejko-Zupanc, T., Epidemiological typing of imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2002) International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 20 (5), pp. 380-383. , DOI 10.1016/S0924-8579(02)00193-0, PII S0924857902001930Murphy, T.A., Crystal structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SPM-1 provides insights into variable zinc affinity of metallo-b-lactamases (2006) Journal of Molecular Biology, 357 (3), pp. 890-903Neves, P.R., (2010) Alterações da Permeabilidade e Expressão de Bombas de Efluxo em Isolados Clínicos de Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Resistente ao Imipenem, , Tese Doutoramento - Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São PauloNeves, P.R., Multirresistência mediada por metalo-beta-lactamases, porinas, bombas de efluxo e metilases, em isolados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2008) XI CONGRESSO Brasileiro de Controle de Infecção e Epidemiologia Hospitalar, 12, p. 30. , Rio de Janeiro. Braz J Infec DisNicasio, A.M., The current state of multidrugresistant Gram-negative bacilli in North America (2008) Pharmacotherapy, 28 (2), pp. 235-249Nikaido, H., Porins and specific diffusion channels in bacterial outer membranes (1994) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269 (6), pp. 3905-3908Nikaido, H., Nikaido, K., Harayama, S., Identification and characterization of porins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1991) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266 (2), pp. 770-779Ochis, M., Negative regulation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane porin OprD selective for imipenem and basic amino acids (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 43 (5), pp. 1085-1090Oh, E.J., Prevalence of metallo-β-lactamase among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in a Korean university hospital and comparison of screening methods for detecting metallo-β-lactamase (2003) J Microbiol Methods, 54 (3), pp. 411-418Oliveira, M.S., Polymyxin B and colistimethate are comparable as to efficacy and renal toxicity (2009) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 65 (4), pp. 431-434Pagès, J.M., The porin and the permeating antibiotic: A selective diffusion barrier in Gram-negative bacteria (2008) Nat Rev Microbiol, 6 (12), pp. 893-903Pearson, J.P., Van Delden, C., Iglewski, B.H., Active efflux and diffusion are involved in transport of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell-to-cell signals (1999) Journal of Bacteriology, 181 (4), pp. 1203-1210Costa Pellegrino, F.L.P., Martins Teixeira, L., Siqueira Carvalho, M.D.G., Aranha Nouer, S., Pinto De Oliveira, M., Mello Sampaio, J.L., D'Avila Freitas, A., Meurer Moreira, B., Occurrence of a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone in different hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2002) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40 (7), pp. 2420-2424. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.40.7.2420-2424.2002Picao, R.C., Andrade, S.S., Nicoletti, A.G., Campana, E.H., Moraes, G.C., Mendes, R.E., Gales, A.C., Metallo-β-lactamase detection: Comparative evaluation of double-disk synergy versus combined disk tests for IMP-, GIM-, SIM-, SPM-, or VIM-producing isolates (2008) Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46 (6), pp. 2028-2037. , DOI 10.1128/JCM.00818-07Piddock, L.J., Clinically relevant chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance efflux pumps in bacteria (2006) Clin Microbiol Rev, 19 (2), pp. 382-402Poirel, L., Collet, L., Nordmann, P., Carbapenem-hydrolyzing metallo-β-lactamase from a nosocomial isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in France [2] (2000) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6 (1), pp. 84-85Poirel, L., Characterization of bla DIM-1, a novel integronlocated metallo-β-lactamase gene from a Pseudomonas stutzeri clinical isolate in the Netherlands (2009) 19 th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID), O309. , Helsinki, FinlandPoole, K., Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance (2005) Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 56 (1), pp. 20-51. , DOI 10.1093/jac/dki171Poole, K., Tetro, K., Zhao, Q., Neshat, S., Heinrichs, D.E., Bianco, N., Expression of the multidrug resistance operon mexA-mexB-oprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mexR encodes a regulator of operon expression (1996) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 40 (9), pp. 2021-2028Poole, K., Krebes, K., McNally, C., Neshat, S., Multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas a
Improvement of the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies to Streptococcus pyogenes
An indirect hemagglutination test for a seroepidemiological survey of Streptococcus pyogenes infection was standardized. This is an improved modification of the indirect hemagglutination test which utilizes an unstable reagent prepared with fresh blood cells. Two types of bacterial antigens represented by extracellular products and purified streptolysin O were assayed, but only the former antigen gave good results. Pretreatment of the bacterial antigen with 0.15 M NaOH and neutralization to pH 5.5, as well as postfixation of sensitized red cells with 0.1% glutaraldehyde at 56oC for 30 min were found to be essential to give long stability to the reagent in liquid suspension, at least 9 months at 4oC. A total of 564 serum samples with high, moderate and low anti-streptolysin O antibodies as determined by the neutralization assay were studied by the indirect hemagglutination test using the new reagent. The sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test in relation to the neutralization assay were 0.950, 0.975, 0.963, 0.973, and 0.955, respectively. The kappa agreement index between the two techniques was high (0.926) and ranked as "almost perfect". Antibody levels detected by both techniques also presented a high positive correlation (rs = 0.726). Five reagent batches successively produced proved to be reproducible. Thus, the improved indirect hemagglutination test seems to be useful for public health laboratories
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak at university hospital Caracterização de cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii durante um surto de infecção hospitalar
Nineteen clonally related imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were recovered from eight intensive care unit patients. All isolates harboured blaOXA-51-like β-lactamase genes and showed the absence of 22 kDa fraction in outer membrane porin profile analysis. It suggests a combination of two mechanisms as responsible for carbapenemresistant phenotypes.<br>Foram isoladas 19 cepas monoclonais de 8 pacientes da unidade de terapia intensiva, resistentes aos carbapenêmicos. Todas as cepas apresentaram o gene blaOXA-51-like e por análise do perfil de proteínas de membrana notou-se ausência da fração de 22 kDa, sugerindo a combinação de dois mecanismos de resistência aos carbapenêmicos
Estafilococos resistentes à oxacilina isolados em casos de mastite subclínica em ovinos
Bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus estão entre os principais agentes causadores da mastite ovina. Um dos maiores entraves ao tratamento dos animais doentes são cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos empregados. A pesquisa do gene mecA nos estafilococos é um instrumento auxiliar para a determinação de aspectos epidemiológicos da doença. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a resistência à oxacilina em estafilococos coagulase-negativos isolados no leite de ovelhas com mastite subclínica. Foram analisadas 448 amostras de leite de dois rebanhos. Os micro-organismos isolados foram submetidos previamente a testes de sensibilidade a antibióticos in vitro a partir da técnica de difusão em disco. Naqueles resistentes à oxacilina nestes testes efetuou-se a pesquisa do gene mecA, com a extração do DNA cromossômico por meio da técnica de extração fenol-clorofórmio. Os estafilococos coagulase-negativos apresentaram resistência à oxacilina e a presença do gene mecA foi detectada em quatro isolados, que também apresentaram características de multirresistência. Tais achados reforçam a importância deste grupo de micro-organismos na etiologia da mastite subclínica em ovinos e abre perspectivas para futuras pesquisas para a investigação da epidemiologia da doença
Molecular characterization of van genes found in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains (VRE) is an important pathogen related with hospital infections in many countries, presenting limited or no therapeutic options for treating serious infections. VRE has presented some different genotypes been VanA and VanB considered to be the most important in hospital environments. In the present study the authors investigated the prevalence of van genes (A, B an C) among clinical isolates of VRE in a five month period at a large tertiary hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The results showed the presence of vanA, but not vanB or vanC in all 43 strains of E. faecalis and five E. faecium studied. The results bring an important issue, due to the possibility of resistance spread of vanA genes, to be monitored and solved by the hospital infection control team and the microbiology and molecular biology laboratories at tertiary Hospitals
Complete Nucleotide Sequences Of Two Blakpc-2-bearing Incn Plasmids Isolated From Sequence Type 442 Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clinical Strains Four Years Apart
We sequenced the oldest blaKPC-2-bearing plasmid isolated in Brazil and another plasmid also carried by a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 442 (ST442), isolated 52 months later. Both plasmids present an IncN backbone and few acquired regions. Because the 2005 plasmid presented deletions and a truncated gene within Tn4401b compared to the 2009 plasmid, we can thus infer that IncN blaKPC-2-bearing plasmids pFCF1305 and pFCF3SP had a common ancestor circulating in Brazil prior to May 2005.© 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.58529582960Monteiro, J., Santos, A.F., Asensi, M.D., Peirano, G., Gales, A.C., First report of kpc-2-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains in brazil (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, pp. 333-334. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00736-08Pavez, M., Mamizuka, E.M., Lincopan, N., Early dissemination of kpc-2-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains in brazil (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, p. 2702. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00089-09Sambrook, J., Russell, D.W., (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, , 3rd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NYChevreux, B., Wetter, T., Suhai, S., Genome sequence assembly using trace signals and additional sequence information (1999) Computer Science And Biology: Proceedings Of The German Conference On Bioinformatics (GCB, 99, pp. 45-56Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Drummond, A., Geneious basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data (2012) Bioinformatics, 28, pp. 1647-1649. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W., Lipman, D.J., Basic local alignment search tool (1990) J. Mol. Biol, 215, pp. 403-410Aziz, R.K., Bartels, D., Best, A.A., DeJongh, M., Disz, T., Edwards, R.A., Formsma, K., Zagnitko, O., The rast server: Rapid annotations using subsystems technology (2008) BMC Genomics, 9, p. 75. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-75Okonechnikov, K., Golosova, O., Fursov, M., Unipro ugene: A unified bioinformatics toolkit (2012) Bioinformatics, 28, pp. 1166-1167. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts091Siguier, P., Perochon, J., Lestrade, L., Mahillon, J., Chandler, M., Isfinder: The reference centre for bacterial insertion sequences (2006) Nucleic Acids Res, 34, pp. D32-D36. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj014Naas, T., Cuzon, G., Villegas, M.-V., Lartigue, M.-F., Quinn, J.P., Nordmann, P., Genetic structures at the origin of acquisition of the beta-lactamase bla kpc gene (2008) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, pp. 1257-1263. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01451-07Papagiannitsis, C.C., Miriagou, V., Giakkoupi, P., Tzouvelekis, L.S., Vatopoulos, A.C., Characterization of pkp1433, a novel kpc-2-encoding plasmid from klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 340 (2013) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 57, pp. 3427-3429. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00054-1