Phosphorus fixation studies with some Saskatchewan soils

Study of phosphorus fixation (i.e. chemical change undergone by phosphorus contained in fertilizers in the soil, rendering phosphorus insoluble and unavailable to plants) in some Saskatchewan, Canada soils - examines rate and extent of fixation, effect of type of fertilizer used on rate of fixation, accumulation of nitrates. Bibliography

Distinct muscle fascicle length changes in feline medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during slope walking

On the basis of differences in physiology, e.g., histochemical properties and spindle density, and the structural design of the cat soleus (SO) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles, we hypothesized that 1) fascicle length changes during overground walking would be both muscle and slope dependent, which would have implications for the muscles' force output as well as sensory function, and that 2) muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and fascicle length changes would be different, in which case MTU length could not be used as an indicator of muscle spindle strain. To test these hypotheses, we quantified muscle fascicle length changes and compared them with length changes of the whole MTU in the SO and MG during overground walking at various slopes (0, ± 25, ± 50, +75, and +100%). The SO and MG were surgically instrumented with sonomicrometry crystals and fine-wire electromyogram electrodes to measure changes in muscle fascicle length and muscle activity, respectively. MTU lengths were calculated using recorded ankle and knee joint angles and a geometric model of the hindlimb. The resultant joint moments were calculated using inverse dynamics analysis to infer muscle loading. It was found that although MTU length and velocity profiles of the SO and MG appeared similar, length changes and velocities of muscle fascicles were substantially different between the two muscles. Fascicle length changes of both SO and MG were significantly affected by slope intensity acting eccentrically in downslope walking (-25 to -50%) and concentrically in upslope walking (+25 to +100%). The differences in MTU and fascicle behaviors in both the SO and MG muscles during slope walking were explained by the three distinct features of these muscles: 1) the number of joints spanned, 2) the pennation angle, and 3) the in-series elastic component. It was further suggested that the potential role of length feedback from muscle spindles is both task and muscle dependent. Copyright © 2009 the American Physiological Society

Causes of death of patients with follicular lymphoma in the Netherlands by stage and age groups: a population-based study in the pre- and post-rituximab era

Immunobiology of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and immunotherapy of hematological disease

The CHAOS spectrometer for pion physics at TRIUMF

The Canadian high acceptance orbit spectrometer (CHAOS) is a unique magnetic spectrometer system recently commissioned for studies of pion induced reactions at TRIUMF. It is based on a cylindrical dipole magnet producing vertical magnetic fields up to 1.6 T. The scattering target is located in the center of the magnet. Charged particle tracks produced by pion interactions there are identified using four concentric cylindrical wire chambers surrounding the target. Particle identification and track multiplicity are determined by cylindrical layers of scintillation counters and lead-glass Cherenkov counters, which also provide a first level trigger. A sophisticated second level trigger system permits pion fluxes in excess of 5 MHz to be employed. The detector subtends 360\ub0 in the horizontal plane, and \ub17\ub0 out of this plane for a solid angle coverage approximately 10% of 4\u3c0 sr. The momentum resolution delivered by the detector system is 1% (\u3c3)