45 research outputs found
Effect of the anisotropy of monocrystalline silicon mechanical properties on the dynamic characteristics of a micromechanical gyroscope
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of a micromechanical gyroscope with the sensing element mounted on a silicon wafer, with the crystallographic orientation of (100) (110) (111). The research is of current relevancy since the metrological characteristics that depend on the eigenfrequencies over the full temperature range are to be controlled. The temperature-modal analysis of the micromechanical gyroscope model was performed with ANSYS program. The temperature dependence for eigenfrequencies was obtained. The dependence of the scale factor on temperature for the most temperature-independent variant of sensor positioning on the wafer was determined. The developed mathematical model was used to find the forms of the output oscillations of the gyroscope
Hemozoin "knobs" in Opisthorchis felineus infected liver
Background Hemozoin is the pigment produced by some blood-feeding parasites. It demonstrates high diagnostic and therapeutic potential. In this work the formation of co-called hemozoin βknobsβ β the bile duct ectasia filled up by hemozoin pigment - in Opisthorhis felineus infected hamster liver has been observed. Methods The O. felineus infected liver was examined by histological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The pigment hemozoin was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis. Hemozoin crystals were characterised by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results Hemozoin crystals produced by O. felineus have average length 403 nm and the length-to-width ratio equals 2.0. The regurgitation of hemozoin from parasitic fluke during infection leads to formation of bile duct ectasia. The active release of hemozoin from O. felineus during in vitro incubation has also been evidenced. It has been shown that the hemozoin knobs can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusions In the paper for the first time the characterisation of hemozoin pigment extracted from liver fluke O. felineus has been conducted. The role of hemozoin in the modification of immune response by opisthorchiasis is assumed
Clinicopathological features of nonspecific invasive breast cancer according to its molecular subtypes
The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and morphological features of nonspecific invasive breast cancer according to its molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: 163 women with nonspecific invasive breast cancer (T1β4N0β3M0) were included in the present study. Luminal A type of breast cancer was detected in 101 women, luminal B type β in 23 women, overexpression of HER2/neu was identified in 14 women and triple-negative cancer β in 25 women. Results: The study revealed that various molecular subtypes of breast cancer differ in the morphological structure, the expression characteristics of the primary tumor and the rate of lymphogenous and hematogenous metastasis. Lymphogenous metastases were more frequently (in 71%) detected in HER2/neu overexpressing breast cancer than in luminal A (41%), luminal B (39%) and triple-negative tumors (40%). Hematogenous metastasis did not depend on the morphological structure of carcinoma infiltrative component, the state of tumor stroma as well as the proliferative activity in all the investigated groups. Conclusion: The revealed clinicopathological characteristics of different molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer allow to predict the possible outcome of the disease and select personalized treatment strategy for patients more reasonably
ROLE OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR B I TYPE (TGF-BRI) IN THE PROGRESSION OF THE LUMINAL BREAST CANCER SUBTYPE
Introduction. The crosstalk between the estrogen and growth factor receptors signaling may play an important role in the resistance to endocrine therapy. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the protein and receptor gene expression of transforming growth factor Ξ² type I (TGF-Ξ²RI) and its polymorphism with progression of luminal breast cancer patients treated by adjuvant tamoxifen. Material and methods.Β The study included 105 patients with luminal breast cancer (T1-3N0β3M0), who had received adjuvant tamoxifenΒ at a dose of 20 mg/day for at least 5 years. Patients who developed distant metastasis or recurrence after tamoxifen therapy were defined as tamoxifen resistance (TR) group, while distant metastasis-free patients were analyzed as tamoxifen sensitive (TS) group. TGF-Ξ²RI expression level was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. TGF-BRI gene expression and genotypes for rs334354 SNP were detected by a Real-time PCR. Results. We found high TGF-Ξ²RI gene expression in patients with luminal A subtype compared with luminal B breast cancer (p=0.050). The Int7G24AA and Int7G24A mutant carriers were more prevalent in luminal A breast cancer patients (p=0.019 and p=0.007, respectively). TGF-Ξ²RI protein expression level was significantly higher in the tamoxifen sensitive group compared to tamoxifen resistance breast cancer patients regardless of molecular subtypes (p=0.043). There was a trend for a tamoxifen sensitivity among luminal B breast cancer patients with a high TGF-Ξ²RI protein expression (p=0.090). Conclusion. TGF-Ξ²RI protein expression level can be a potential molecular marker of tamoxifen resistance in luminal breast cancer patients
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠ¬ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π ΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠ¨ΠΠ. Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠΠ―Π ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£
Purpose of the study: to review the available data on the heterogeneity of colon cancer and to assess the prognostic significance of colon cancer subtypes.Material and Methods. Medline, PubMed, Cochrane library, elibrary databases were used to identify studies that characterized the current view on the problem of choosing the optimal postoperative treatment for colon cancer.Results. the review showed the results of international studies of colon cancer subtypes based on complex multomics characteristics. Particular attention was paid to the description of modern studies on the search for prognostic markers for colon cancer. The relevance of the study of immunohistochemical markers was confirmed by the analysis of the world literature. the outcomes will make it possible to classify colon cancer into molecular subtypes in real clinical practice and, as a consequence, significantly improve the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Medline, Cochrane library, elibrary ΠΈ PubMed, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²Π·Π³Π»ΡΠ΄ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π΄ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π¬ ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ, ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ Π‘ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ«Π Π ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ, ΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ«
The paper is devoted to the study of the expression of markers associated with invasive breast carcinoma. The study included a surgical material from 107 patients with invasive carcinoma of the non-specific type of breast cancer who had not previously received neoadjuvant therapy. The study revealed a number of markers related to invasive tumor growth, characterized by a pronounced heterogeneous expression pattern in all cases. Study of the expression of markers associated with invasive breast carcinoma showed that not all cells are able to promote invasive growth in different periods of time, but the fact of detecting the positive expression of the markers in tissue tumors indicates a more aggressive cancer phenotype with a high potential for invasion.Β Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎΡ 107 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ.
Π‘Π²ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ
The treatment of colon cancer with a mesenchymal-like phenotype poses a great challenge. Purpose of the study: to research expression of FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 in the primary tumor tissue with relation of the clinical and pathological features of colon cancer. Material and methods. a combined analysis of the expression of FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 with pathological criteria was performed in 100 patients with T1β4bN0β2bM0Β colonΒ cancer.Β ResultsΒ ofΒ theΒ studyΒ showΒ thatΒ tumorsΒ withΒ mesenchymalΒ signsΒ are characterized by a large size of the primary tumor, a high grade of differentiation, regional metastases, and eventually advanced stage of the disease. The frequency and expression levels of FRMD6, ZEB1 and HTR2B are depended of grade of adenocarcinoma. in cases with positive expression and a high percentage of expression of these proteins in the cancer cells, the degree of tumor morphological anaplasia increases. Conclusion. The study made it possible to reveal the relationship of IHC markers (FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2) with tumor characteristics that determine the outcome. The studied markers may have prognostic and predictive value in treatment approaches of colon cancer.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ 100 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ T1β4bN0β2bM0. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ FRMD6, ZEB1 Π HTR2B Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² FRMD6, ZEB1, HTR2B, CDX2 Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ
Introduction. Ability of circulating tumor cells (CTC) initiate metastases in distant sites is associated primarily with their resistance to apoptosis which allows them to retain viability in the blood. Knowledge of phenotypical signs associated with this ability would allow to predict the risk of metastases and optimize adjuvant therapy.Aim. To examine signs of apoptosis in CTC populations with various phenotypical characteristics.Materials and methods. The study included 58 patients with invasive breast carcinoma of unspecified type, stages T1β4N0β3M0. Cell concentrates extracted from patientsβ whole blood were stained with an antibody cocktail against CK7 / 8, CD45, EpCAM, CD44, CD24, CD133, ALDH, N-cadherin which allowed to identify CTC with signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Annexin V and 7βamino-actinomycin D staining was used for evaluation of apoptosis stage in CTC populations.Results. Circulating tumor cells are characterized by heterogeneity in respect to signs of stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and presence of early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. CTC phenotypes including co-expression of epithelial marker CK7 / 8 and stemness marker CD133 (but not CD44) are characterized by absence of signs of apoptosis. Co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 in CTC with stemness markers CD44+ / C D24β is associated with development of early but not late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells without co-expression of CK7 / 8 and CD133 could have both early and late signs of apoptosis and necrosis. Circulating tumor cells phenotypes with signs of early apoptosis expressing CD133 remain in blood after non-adjuvant chemotherapy opposed to CTC without CD133 expression.Conclusion. There are CTC phenotypical signs associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and linked to apoptosis resistance or sensitivity.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (Π¦ΠΠ) ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΉΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ
Π¦ΠΠ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 58 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ T1β4N0β3M0. ΠΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΊ C K7 / 8, CD45, EpCAM, CD44, CD24, CD133, ALDH, N-ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π³Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π¦ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ V ΠΈ 7-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌ D ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π¦ΠΠ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π¦ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π¦ΠΠ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° CK7 / 8 ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ CD133 (Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ C D44), Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ CK7 / 8 ΠΈ C D133 Π¦ΠΠ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ CD44+ / C D24β Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°. Π¦ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CK7 / 8 ΠΈ C D133 ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π¦ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ CD133, Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π¦ΠΠ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ CD133, ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π¦ΠΠ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ