Using online constructor as a means of increasing motivation to study literature

The aim of this paper - presents the experience in creating a layout of an electronic literature textbook using an online constructor. The “Arctic Robinsonade” plot served as the material for the textbook. The methodological apparatus of the research involves the synthesis of such approaches as hermeneutics and comparative studies. The present investigation is of teaching theory and techniques and digital technologies. The questionnaire surveying method was used to collect the empirical material. Mathematical methods of processing, analysis and interpretation of the pedagogical experiment results were applied in the course of the work. The methods of analyzing differences between independent samples, ranking method, method of testing significance of zero and alternative hypotheses were used for statistic information processing in MS Excel. The results: the capabilities of online constructor Tilda to work on the design of multimedia study aid are determined and described; the model of the chapter in multimedia textbook in native literature is developed; the sections of multimedia study aid are described, the examples of the tasks are given, the efficiency of applying the service of creating websites (online constructor) is established. The developed multimedia product is useful for school teachers and students

New Technologies and Innovative Solutions in the Development of Multimedia Corpus of Mezen Robinsons Texts

Objective: New Technologies and Innovative Solutions in creating a multimedia corpus of texts about the "Mezen Robinsons" aims to preserve the memory of an event that occurred in the 18th century and to study the history of Spitsbergen development. This article presents a multimedia corpus of Russian-language texts about the "Mezen Robinsons" written in 1766–2022. Observations show that the history of the survival of the Mezen hunters on Edge Island in 1743–1749 has repeatedly attracted the attention of specialists from various fields of knowledge: historians, archaeologists, publicists, professional writers, translators, etc. The corpus unites texts, audio, video, and multimedia resources. Methods: continuous sampling was used to collect the material; when analyzing and describing the data, we applied a descriptive method, a biographical method of studying literature, statistical data processing, philological analysis, observation, assessment, and corpus modeling methods. Findings: the methodology and technology of building an independent multimedia corpus, its architecture, and its design are described. Novelty: the multimedia corpus is a contribution to the development of a new approach to studying the subjectology of Russian literature. Practical significance:the findings can become the basis for studying the biographies and creativity of various authors who built their works on the plot of the Mezen industrialists and for further comparison of various interpretations of one event from the history of the development of the Arctic. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-01-07 Full Text: PD

Chronotope of Russian Works about Robinson

The results of the study of the chronotope in Russian-language compositions based on the novel about Robinson’s adventures are presented. The material for the work was A. E. Razin’s novel “The Real Robinson” (1860) and Lev Tolstoy’s story “Robinson” (1862). The issues of the specifics of the representation of the chronotopic in the works of Russian writers are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the appeal to the universal of the chronotope, which contains an exhaustive toolkit for the artistic embodiment of images of space and time; as well as the search for new methods of literary analysis of the text. It is shown that in the analyzed texts, a kind of fusion of Russianlanguage compositions with a foreigncultural text in the aspect of a chronotope is realized. The similarities and differences in the rethinking of the story of Robinson are shown on the example of the model of textual connexity, the national specifics of the representation of the image of Robinson are indicated. It is noted that the external and internal chronotopes are retransmitted from work to work and create the basis for the emergence of the author’s intentions. It is proved that chronotopic analysis allows one to form an idea of the peculiarities of the Russian-language interpretation of the story of Robinson

Examination of the Microvasculature During Wound Process of the Oral Mucosa when Using Dual-Wavelength Photodynamic Therapy: a Pre-Clinical Experimental Randomized Study

Background. Healing of open wounds in the oral cavity is often accompanied by infection and constant traumatization, which lead to impaired blood supply to the tissues, lack of trophic support and low oxygen supply to increasing proliferative processes. Recently, photodynamic therapy has taken its place among the methods for stimulating regeneration of oral mucosal tissues. The authors consider it essential to study the influence of photodynamic treatment on the functional state of the microvasculature in the wound tissues, which determines the transcapillary exchange and the tissue respiration, providing the tissue regeneration.Objective. To study the photodynamic effect of sequential dual-wavelength radiation on the microvasculature in the wound tissues of the oral mucosa in vivo.Methods. The study was carried out on 36 female outbred Wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g. The animals were divided into two groups: control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 18). Wound surfaces healed by secondary intention were modeled on the cheek mucosa of the animals. Dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy was performed in the 1st postoperative day in experimental group. The microcirculatory function was assessed by Doppler flowmetry before, and on days 3, 7 and 14 after wounding. The results were processed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0.0.1 (IBM Inc., USA).Results. It has been established that dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy has a positive effect on the restoration of the microvasculature of the wound tissues. This therapy facilitated bypassing for microcirculatory flow on the 3rd day of the study, and increased the perfusion of tissues on the 7th. The experimental group did not have congestive-ischaemic phenomena in the wound region; the microcirculatory flow was augmented through the microcirculation regulation by the 14th day.Conclusion. Following the obtained results the use of dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy can be considered as a promising method for restoration of the microvasculature of tissues in the oral mucosal trauma

Source apportionment of circum-Arctic atmospheric black carbon from isotopes and modeling

Black carbon (BC) contributes to Arctic climate warming, yet source attributions are inaccurate due to lacking observational constraints and uncertainties in emission inventories. Year-round, isotope-constrained observations reveal strong seasonal variations in BC sources with a consistent and synchronous pattern at all Arctic sites. These sources were dominated by emissions from fossil fuel combustion in the winter and by biomass burning in the summer. The annual mean source of BC to the circum-Arctic was 39 ± 10% from biomass burning. Comparison of transport-model predictions with the observations showed good agreement for BC concentrations, with larger discrepancies for (fossil/biomass burning) sources. The accuracy of simulated BC concentration, but not of origin, points to misallocations of emissions in the emission inventories. The consistency in seasonal source contributions of BC throughout the Arctic provides strong justification for targeted emission reductions to limit the impact of BC on climate warming in the Arctic and beyond

Бронхиальная астма у детей дошкольного возраста, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края (популяционное одномоментное исследование)

The objective of the study was to investigate prevalence, clinical and allergological features, and risk factors of bronchial asthma in pre-school children living in urban areas of Altay Krai. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 3,205 children (age, 3 to 6 years) attending pre-school facilities in 5 cities of the Altay Krai. Asthma symptoms were defined using the ISAAC questionnaire. Asthma was diagnosed by clinicians according to GINA. Results. Prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years was 5.7%; 62.7% of them were previously diagnosed with asthma. Majority of children (59.4%) had mild asthma. Sensitization was detected in 70.3% of children with asthma, most of them were sensitized to dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (63.3%), birch pollen (46.6%), and cat epithelium (31.1%). Risk factors of asthma were family history of allergy [odds ratio (OR) 3.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–4.6], male gender (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–2.3), preterm birth (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.3), smoking parents (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.9), (contact with pets during the first year of life (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). Conclusion. The prevalence of asthma in urban children aged 3 to 6 years living in urban areas of Altay Krai was 5.7%. Most common sensitizers were house dust mites, birch pollen and cat epithelium. The risk factors of pre-school asthma are family history of allergy, male gender, preterm birth, passive smoking and contact with pets during the first year of life. Для формирования стратегии ранней профилактики бронхиальной астмы (БА) необходимо изучение распространенности и факторов риска (ФР) заболевания среди дошкольников. Целью исследования явилось изучение распространенности, клинико-аллергологической характеристики и ФР развития БА у детей 3–6 лет, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края. Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное популяционное исследование, состоявшее из 2 этапов – скринингового и клинического. На этапе скрининга в исследование включены дети (n = 3 205) в возрасте 3–6 лет, посещающие дошкольные образовательные учреждения в 5 городах Алтайского края. Симптомы БА определялись при помощи модуля «Астмоподобные симптомы», входящего в опросник «Международное исследование бронхиальной астмы и аллергии у детей» (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood – ISAAC). На клиническом этапе диагноз БА верифицировался врачами-аллергологами на основании диагностических критериев Глобальной инициативы по бронхиальной астме (Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention – GINA). Результаты. Установлено, что распространенность БА среди городских детей в возрасте 3–6 лет составляет 5,7 %, из них у 62,7 % диагноз БА был установлен ранее в учреждениях практического здравоохранения. У 76 (59,4 %) выявлена БА легкой степени. У 90 (70,3 %) детей выявлена сенсибилизация. Чаще всего (63,3 %) обнаруживалась сенсибилизация к клещам домашней пыли (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), пыльце березы (46,6 %) и эпителию кошки (31,1 %). ФР развития БА являются семейный аллергологический анамнез (отношение шансов (ОШ) – 3,2; 95%-ный доверительный интервал (ДИ) – 2,2–4,6) мужской пол (ОШ – 2,2; 95%-ный ДИ – 1,5–2,3), недоношенность (ОШ – 2,1; 95%-ный ДИ – 1,3–3,3), табакокурение родителей (ОШ – 1,6; 95%-ный ДИ 1,2–2,9), контакт с животными на 1-м году жизни (ОШ – 1,4; 95%-ный ДИ – 1,0–2,0). Заключение. Распространенность БА среди детей 3–6 лет, проживающих в городах Алтайского края, составляет 5,7 %, в то время как ранее в учреждениях практического здравоохранения диагноз БА установлен только у 62,7 % детей. Наиболее значимыми ингаляционными аллергенами являются клещи домашней пыли, пыльца березы и эпителий кошки. ФР развития БА в дошкольном возрасте являются мужской пол, отягощенный аллергологический семейный анамнез, недоношенность, пассивное курение и контакт с животными на 1-м году жизни

In-situ temperatures and thermal properties of the East Siberian Arctic shelf sediments: Key input for understanding the dynamics of subsea permafrost

Significant reserves of methane (CH4) are held in the Arctic shelf, but the release of CH4 to the overlying ocean and, subsequently, to the atmosphere has been believed to be restricted by impermeable subsea permafrost, which has sealed the upper sediment layers for thousands of years. Our studies demonstrate progressive degradation of subsea permafrost which controls the scales of CH4 release from the sediment into the water-atmospheric system. Thus, new knowledge about the thermal state of subsea permafrost is crucial for better understanding of the permafrost -hydrate system and associated CH4 release from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) – the broadest and shallowest shelf in the World Ocean, which contains about 80% of subsea permafrost and giant pools of hydrates. Meanwhile, the ESAS, still presents large knowledge gaps in many aspects, especially with respect to subsea permafrost distribution and physical properties of bottom sediments. New field data show that the ESAS has an unfrozen (ice-free) upper sediment layer, which in-situ temperature is −1.0 to −1.8 °C and 0.6оС above the freezing point. On one hand, these cold temperature patterns may be related to the presence of subsea permafrost, which currently primarily occurs in the part of the ESAS that is shallower than 100 m, while ice-bearing sediments may also exist locally under deeper water in the Laptev Sea. On the other hand, the negative bottom sediment temperatures of −1.8 °C measured on the Laptev Sea continental slope sediments underlying water columns as deep as down to 330 m may result from dissociation of gas hydrates or possibly from dense water cascading down from the shelf. In contrast, data collected on recent expeditions in the northern Laptev shelf, zones of warmer bottom temperatures are coinciding with methane seeps, likely induced by seismic and tectonic activity in the area. These warm temperatures are not seen in the East Siberian Sea area, not even in areas of methane seeps, yet with little seismic activity. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of bottom sediments recorded in the database of thermal parameters for the ESAS areas mainly depend on their lithification degree (density or porosity), moisture content, and particle size distribution. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity average about 1.0 W/(m·K) and 2900 kJ/(m3·K), with ±20% and ±10% variance, respectively, in all sampled Arctic sediments to a sub-bottom interval of 0–0.5 m

Signatures of Molecular Unification and Progressive Oxidation Unfold in Dissolved Organic Matter of the Ob-Irtysh River System along Its Path to the Arctic Ocean

The Ob-Irtysh River system is the seventh-longest one in the world. Unlike the other Great Siberian rivers, it is only slightly impacted by the continuous permafrost in its low flow. Instead, it drains the Great Vasyugan mire, which is the world largest swamp, and receives huge load of the Irtysh waters which drain the populated lowlands of the East Siberian Plain. The central challenge of this paper is to understand the processes responsible for molecular transformations of natural organic matter (NOM) in the Ob-Irtysh river system along the South-North transect. For solving this task, the NOM was isolated from the water samples collected along the 3,000?km transect using solid-phase extraction. The NOM samples were further analyzed using high resolution mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy. The obtained results have shown a distinct trend both in molecular composition and diversity of the NOM along the South-North transect: the largest diversity was observed in the Southern “swamp-wetland” stations. The samples were dominated with humic and lignin-like components, and enriched with aminosugars. After the Irtysh confluence, the molecular nature of NOM has changed drastically: it became much more oxidized and enriched with heterocyclic N-containing compounds. These molecular features are very different from the aliphatics-rich permafrost NOM. They witnesses much more conservative nature of the NOM discharged into the Arctic by the Ob-Irtysh river system. In general, drastic reduction in molecular diversity was observed in the northern stations located in the lower Ob flow