INTERNATIONAL LAW PRINCIPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF ADVANCING GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the current legal status and regulatory framework of genetic technologies, and to explore pathways for the development and formation of a comprehensive regulatory environment for genetic technologies, focusing on human cloning, genetic research, assisted reproductive technologies, and the handling of biological samples for diagnostic purposes. Methods: The research employs the dialectical method of scientific inquiry, formal logic, historical analysis, and system-structural methods. It examines relevant international treaties, interdisciplinary scientific literature, selected aspects of foreign legislation, and a landmark judicial decision of the Supreme Court of Brazil on the legal use of embryonic stem cells for therapeutic purposes. Results: The study highlights the evolving significance of general and specific principles in international law, such as the principle of sovereign equality of states and the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples. These principles are being redefined by concepts like biosovereignty and genomic sovereignty, and by the challenges posed by genetic editing technologies like CRISPR. The analysis underscores the need for national and international principles and standards in the field to align, potentially encompassing erga omnes obligations. Conclusions: The analysis confirms the necessity for national and international principles and standards that govern this field to align, potentially encompassing erga omnes obligations. This alignment is essential to strike a balance between the potential benefits and risks associated with the global-scale deployment of genetic (genomic) technologies

Laser-heater assisted plasma channel formation in capillary discharge waveguides

A method of creating plasma channels with controllable depth and transverse profile for the guiding of short, high power laser pulses for efficient electron acceleration is proposed. The plasma channel produced by the hydrogen-filled capillary discharge waveguide is modified by a ns-scale laser pulse, which heats the electrons near the capillary axis. This interaction creates a deeper plasma channel within the capillary discharge that evolves on a ns-time scale, allowing laser beams with smaller spot sizes than would otherwise be possible in the unmodified capillary discharge.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome as one of the causes of acute kidney injury in pregnant women

Obstetric atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is one of the reasons for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and can determine the prognosis of both mother and child. Aim. Analysis of clinical manifestations, course and outcomes of obstetric aHUS. Materials and methods. 45 patients with aHUS development during pregnancy or immediately after childbirth were observed between 2011 and 2017, age from 16 to 42 years. Results and discussion. All patients had AKI (serum creatinine 521,5±388,0 µmol/l, oliguria or anuria that required initiation of hemodialysis). 93.3% pts had extrarenal manifestations of TMA with the development of multiple organ failure (MOF). The mean number of damage organs was 3,7±1,2. In all patients, the development of aHUS was preceded by obstetric complications, surgery, infection, etc. In the outcome: 53.4% women showed complete recovery of renal function, 11.1% developed CKD 4-5 stages, 35.5% had dialysis-dependent end-stage renal failure (ESDR). Maternal mortality was 23.9%. Perinatal mortality was 32.6%. The early start of eculizumab treatment (within 1-2 weeks from the onset of aHUS), compared with therapy start after 3 weeks, increased the chances of favorable outcome for mother in 5.33 times, and the chances for normalization of renal function in 48.7 times. Conclusion. Obstetric aHUS is characterized by the development of AKI in 100% of cases. In most patients, the obstetric aHUS occurs with the development of MOF. Timely diagnosis of aHUS and immediate treatment by eculizumab allows not only to save the life of patients, but also completely restore their health

On production and asymmetric focusing of flat electron beams using rectangular capillary discharge plasmas

A method for the asymmetric focusing of electron bunches, based on the active plasma lensing technique is proposed. This method takes advantage of the strong inhomogeneous magnetic field generated inside the capillary discharge plasma to focus the ultrarelativistic electrons. The plasma and magnetic field parameters inside the capillary discharge are described theoretically and modeled with dissipative magnetohydrodynamic computer simulations enabling analysis of the capillaries of rectangle cross-sections. Large aspect ratio rectangular capillaries might be used to transport electron beams with high emittance asymmetries, as well as assist in forming spatially flat electron bunches for final focusing before the interaction point.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

Hospital stage of myocardial infarction treatment in 13 Regions of Russian Federation by results of the international research

Aim: To describe the characteristics of the patient with MI who is admitted to a hospital and to characterize the main diagnostic and treatment interventions in clini

Laser-heated capillary discharge plasma waveguides for electron acceleration to 8 GeV

A plasma channel created by the combination of a capillary discharge and inverse Bremsstrahlung laser heating enabled the generation of electron bunches with energy up to 7.8 GeV in a laser-driven plasma accelerator. The capillary discharge created an initial plasma channel and was used to tune the plasma temperature, which optimized laser heating. Although optimized colder initial plasma temperatures reduced the ionization degree, subsequent ionization from the heater pulse created a fully ionized plasma on-axis. The heater pulse duration was chosen to be longer than the hydrodynamic timescale of ≈ 1 ns, such that later temporal slices were more efficiently guided by the channel created by the front of the pulse. Simulations are presented which show that this thermal self-guiding of the heater pulse enabled channel formation over 20 cm. The post-heated channel had lower on-axis density and increased focusing strength compared to relying on the discharge alone, which allowed for guiding of relativistically intense laser pulses with a peak power of 0.85 PW and wakefield acceleration over 15 diffraction lengths. Electrons were injected into the wake in multiple buckets and times, leading to several electron bunches with different peak energies. To create single electron bunches with low energy spread, experiments using localized ionization injection inside a capillary discharge waveguide were performed. A single injected bunch with energy 1.6 GeV, charge 38 pC, divergence 1 mrad, and relative energy spread below 2% full-width half-maximum was produced in a 3.3 cm-long capillary discharge waveguide. This development shows promise for mitigation of energy spread and future high efficiency staged acceleration experiments

Перспективы развития научной библиотеки творческого вуза

The modernization stages of arts academic library as suggested by the authors are highlighted: preliminary analysis of regulatory documents and the resource base of the scientific library of the Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, planning for collections development with for books and information resources, upgrade of library services, planning for modernization and technological deve-lopment, and designing library zones. The authors offer their recommendations on improvement of library information services within the context of distance educa-tion and modernizing the material and technical support of the library based on foresight technology and a sociological survey of students and the faculty. The students’ and faculty’s demands for advanced services and digital services through social media were revealed. The findings of the study support the idea of optimi-zation and modernization of the range of library services. For the students, the library not only provides information support, but also offers its facilities for communication, individual and team work, and relaxation. Within this context, the procurement cost estimates were prepared. The contest of students’ design pro-jects of library space zoning was organized.Рассмотрены выработанные авторами этапы модернизации библиотеки творческого вуза: предварительный анализ нормативных документов и ресурсной базы Научной библиотеки Кемеровского государственного института культуры; разработка планов пополнения фонда книжными и информационными ресурсами, актуализация набора услуг библиотеки и модернизация её материально-технической базы; создание проекта зонирования библиотеки. Представлены рекомендации по улучшению качества библиотечно-информационного обслуживания в условиях дистанционного образования и модернизации материально-технического обеспечения библиотеки на основе фор-сайт-технологии и социологического опроса обучающихся и научно-педагогических сотрудников вуза. Выявлены потребности студентов и преподавателей в дополнительных услугах, электронном обслуживании в социальных сетях. Результаты исследования подтвердили тезис о необходимости оптимизации и модернизации номенклатуры услуг библиотеки. Для студентов библиотека становится местом не только информационного обеспечения, но и общения, индивидуальной и коллективной работы, а также отдыха. Установлено, что развитие услуг требует модернизации материально-технической базы, для чего подготовлены сметы на закупку соответствующего оборудования. Реализация этапа по созданию проекта зонирования библиотеки обеспечена конкурсом дизайн-проектов среди студентов

Alcohol and fatal life trajectories in Russia: understanding narrative accounts of premature male death in the family

Background: In the post-Soviet period, Russian working-age men have suffered unusually high mortality rates. Earlier quantitative work found that part of this is attributable to hazardous and harmful patterns of alcohol consumption, which increased in the period of transition at a time of massive social and economic disruption and uncertainty. However, there has been very little work done to document and understand in detail the downward life trajectories of individual men who died prematurely from alcohol-related conditions. Building on an earlier case-control study, this unique qualitative study investigates the perceived interplay between men's drinking careers, their employment and family history, health and eventual death.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with close relatives (most often the widow) of 19 men who died between 2003 and 2005 aged 25-54 years whose close relatives reported that alcohol contributed to their death. The study was conducted in a typical medium-sized Russian city. The relative's accounts were analysed using thematic content analysis.Results: The accounts describe how hazardous drinking both contributed to serious employment, family and health problems, and was simultaneously used as a coping mechanism to deal with life crises and a decline in social status. The interviews highlighted the importance of the workplace and employment status for shaping men's drinking patterns. Common themes emerged around a culture of drinking in the workplace, peer pressure from colleagues to drink, use of alcohol as remuneration, consuming non-beverage alcohols,Russian-specific drinking patterns, attitudes to treatment, and passive attitudes towards health and drinking.Conclusions: The study provides a unique insight into the personal decline that lies behind the extremely high working-age mortality due to heavy drinking in Russia, and highlights how health status and hazardous drinking are often closely intertwined with economic and social functioning. Descriptions of the development of drinking careers, hazardous drinking patterns and treatment experiences can be used to plan effective interventions relevant in the Russian context

Технологии виртуальной реальности в образовательной деятельности Кемеровского государственного института культуры

The virtual reality (VR) development made it suggestible to test and endorse these technologies in educational processes of Kemerovo State Institute of Culture (KSIC). The VR visualizes the knowledge, clarifies information on complex processes and phenomena, demonstrates buildings interiors, musical instruments, architecture, and geographic locations, creates the illusion of exposure to imaginary space. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the possibilities of applying VR in educational, learning, creative and professional activities of the higher educational institution. The scientific originality of theoretical value of the study resides in the fact that the VR technology is approbated at the Kemerovo State Institute of Culture.The researchers applied the scientific methods of document flow analysis, content analysis of websites of RF Ministry of Culture academic institutions, content analysis of textual sources on designing and applying VR -technologies in education as well analysis of applying VR-technologies in KSICВ.They discuss VR-projects designed for key specialities of KSIC, and characterize the program “VR-technologies” for the students in various fields of study. The examples of using VR-technologies in professional and extra-curricular activities of the higher educational institution are provided. Applying VR-technologies to the educational processes permits to preserve cultural heritage and to make it attractive to the users.The program of “VR-technologies” supports building relevant skills of designing modern products with 3D-models. Further development of VR-projects for educational processes in Kemerovo State Institute of Culture is a promising area of studies.Развитие технологий виртуальной реальности (VR) обусловило актуальность и целесообразность их апробации в образовательной деятельности Кемеровского государственного института культуры (КемГИК). VR обеспечивает наглядность излагаемого материала, даёт возможность донести информацию о сложных процессах и явлениях, продемонстрировать интерьеры зданий, музыкальные инструменты, архитектурные объекты, географические локации, создать иллюзию нахождения в воображаемом пространстве. Цель исследования – показать возможности применения технологии VR в образовательной, воспитательной, творческой и профессиональной деятельности вуза.Научная новизна и теоретическая значимость исследования заключаются в разработке и апробировании технологии VR в деятельности вуза культуры.В исследовании применялись научные методы анализа документопотока, контент-анализа сайтов вузов, подведомственных Министерству культуры РФ, метод контент-анализа текстовых источников по формированию и использованию VR в образовательной практике, метод анализа использования VR-технологий в деятельности КемГИК.Рассмотрены VR-проекты, разработанные для основных направлений обучения в КемГИК. Представлено описание дисциплины «VR-технологии» для обучающихся на образовательных программах различных направлений подготовки. Приведены примеры применения VR-технологии в профессиональной и внеучебной деятельности образовательного учреждения высшей школы.Применение VR-технологий в образовательном процессе даёт возможность сохранить объекты культурного наследия в цифровой форме, представить их привлекательными для других пользователей. Содержание дисциплины «VR-технологии» обеспечивает формирование актуальных навыков создания современных продуктов с использованием 3D-моделей. Дальнейшая разработка VR-проектов с учётом возможностей применения VR-технологии в образовательном процессе КемГИК является перспективным направлением дальнейших исследований

Dynamics and Radiation of Young Type-Ia Supernova Remnants: Important Physical Processes

We examine and analyze the physical processes that should be taken into account when modeling young type-Ia SNRs, with ages of several hundred years. It is shown, that energy losses in the metal-rich ejecta can be essential for remnants already at this stage of evolution. The influence of electron thermal conduction and the rate of the energy exchange between electrons and ions on the temperature distribution and the X-radiation from such remnants is studied. The data for Tycho SNR from the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope have been employed for the comparison of calculations with observations.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure