On calculating the mean values of quantum observables in the optical tomography representation

Given a density operator $\hat \rho$ the optical tomography map defines a one-parameter set of probability distributions $w_{\hat \rho}(X,\phi),\ \phi \in [0,2\pi),$ on the real line allowing to reconstruct $\hat \rho$. We introduce a dual map from the special class $\mathcal A$ of quantum observables $\hat a$ to a special class of generalized functions $a(X,\phi)$ such that the mean value $_{\hat \rho} =Tr(\hat \rho\hat a)$ is given by the formula $_{\hat \rho}= \int \limits_{0}^{2\pi}\int \limits_{-\infty}^{+\infty}w_{\hat \rho}(X,\phi)a(X,\phi)dXd\phi$. The class $\mathcal A$ includes all the symmetrized polynomials of canonical variables $\hat q$ and $\hat p$.Comment: 8 page

Comprehensive Disposal of Decommissioned Vehicles

The article concerns the final stage of the life cycle of vehicles (on the example of Russia). The purpose of the study is to develop an organizational scheme for the gradual creation of a unified system for the disposal of all types of vehicles that are out of service. The study included a legal, technical, and territorial analysis. For territorial analysis, statistical data were taken for the following types of transport: buses, trucks and cars. The result of the work is the division of recycling enterprises by recycling levels, namely, the use of classification A, B, C, D. Recycling centers organization is usually considered within the Federal districts, which will lead to the dispersion of recycling capacities throughout Russia. The Federal district will have a radical ring system of organizing recycling centers at different levels. The State should create a unified recycling system with the adoption of regulatory documents on the interaction of participants in the disposal of vehicles, it should involve commercial organizations in recycling activities in future. The prospects of the study suggest 3 options for the placement of warehouses and recycling centers for their effective operation and address the issue of recycling of highly specialized transport. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved

On the classical capacity of quantum Gaussian channels

The set of quantum Gaussian channels acting on one bosonic mode can be classified according to the action of the group of Gaussian unitaries. We look for bounds on the classical capacity for channels belonging to such a classification. Lower bounds can be efficiently calculated by restricting to Gaussian encodings, for which we provide analytical expressions.Comment: 10 pages, IOP style. v2: minor corrections, close to the published versio

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ОФЭКТ С ЦИТРАТОМ GA-67 И ПЭТ/КТ С 18-ДГ В ОЦЕНКЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТИ ЛИМФОМЫ ХОДЖКИНА

Hodgkin disease  is a malignancy of lymphoid tissue,  at the age of 15 to 24 years it accounts  for 1⁄6 of all oncology disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefits of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with citrate  gallium-67  and combined  positron  emission  tomography  (PET/CT) with 18-FDG in a patient  with Hodgkin disease.  Results:  SPECT  detected  no affected cervical nodes that  were found with PET/CT. Conclusion: presented in this article SPECT technique is not suitable for studying this patient. Limitations of the methods for this case and opportunities for overcoming the limitations are discussed.Лимфома Ходжкина является злокачественным новообразованием лимфоидной ткани, на долю которого в возрасте от 15 до 24 лет приходится 1⁄6 часть всех онкологических заболеваний. Цель исследования: оценить возможности методов однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ) с цитратом галлия-67 и совмещенной позитронно-эмиссионной  томографии (ПЭТ/КТ) с 18-ФДГ  у больного с лимфомой Ходжкина. Результаты: ОФЭКТ не выявила пораженных шейных лимфатических узлов, которые были обнаружены при ПЭТ/КТ. Вывод: сцинтиграфия с цитратом 67Ga должна предполагать выполнение ОФЭКТ всех областей интереса

ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫЕ ВЕНОЗНЫЕ ТРОМБОЗЫ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ МЕТОДОВ ЛУЧЕВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ

The work demonstrates the possibilities of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting cerebral venous thrombosis.В работе обсуждаются возможности мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) и магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в выявлении церебральных венозных тромбозов

Retrospective analysis of prostate cancer detection using mpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsy

Introduction. Transrectal biopsy under US-control has been standard diagnostic method for prostate cancer (PCa) detection for over 30 years. However, TRUS-guided biopsy is not without well-known drawbacks. MR-targeted biopsy methods were proposed to eliminate the drawbacks and improve detection rate of clinically significant Pca. Cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies have become the most widely used MR-targeted biopsies. However, there are contradictory data on detection of clinically significant Pca when comparing mpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsies.Objective. To compare the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer performing cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies.Materials and methods. Inclusion criteria: PSA > 2.0 ng/ml and/or a positive DRE, and/or a suspicious lesion on TRUS, and PI-RADSv2.1 score ≥ 3. The outcomes evaluated are the detection of clinically significant Pca (ISUP ≥ 2), the overall PСa detection, the detection of clinically insignificant Pca, histological yield (proportion of positive cores, maximum cancer core length).Results. Retrospective data analysis was performed: cognitive biopsy was performed in 102 patients and mpMR/US-fusion biopsy in 176 patients. The median age was 63 years, prostate volume 46 cc. The median PSA was 6.4 ng/ml in the mpMR/US-fusion and 6.7 ng/ml in the cognitive biopsy group. MpMR/US-fusion and cognitive biopsies were comparable about the detection rate of clinically significant (30.3% vs 25.0%; p=0.329) and overall Pca detection rate (50.5% and 42.1%; p = 0.176). It was detected to be less clinically insignificant Pca in the cognitive biopsy group (11.8% vs. 25.5%; p = 0.007).  The proportion of positive cores (30.5% and 29.5% respectively; p = 0.754) and maximum cancer core length (6.6 mm vs 7.6 mm; p = 0.320) were equal when comparing cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies. The proportion of positive cores with clinically significant Pca was higher in the cognitive biopsy group (18.6% vs 13.1%; p = 0.029).Conclusion. Both cognitive and mpMR/US-fusion biopsies are equally accurate for clinically significant Pca detection. Therefore, cognitive biopsy may be an alternative to mpMR/US-fusion biopsy in hospitals where mpMR/US-fusion technology is not currently available

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АППАРАТА HISTOSCANNING В РАННЕЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ РАКА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ

In September 2011, the Research Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health began to use an apparatus for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. One hundred and fifty-six studies have been conducted by now. In the examinees, the level of prostate-specific antigen was estimated to be in the range of 1.09 to 209 ng/ml. The results of the studies confirm European data on the sensitivity and specificity of this procedure.В сентябре 2011 г. в НИИ уронефрологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека начали использовать аппарат для ранней диагностики рака предстательной железы. На настоящий момент выполнено 156 исследований. Уровень простатспецифического антигена у обследуемых определялся в диапазоне от 1,09 до 209 нг/мл. Результаты исследований подтверждают европейские данные о чувствительности и специфичности данной методики

Multiplicativity of completely bounded p-norms implies a new additivity result

We prove additivity of the minimal conditional entropy associated with a quantum channel Phi, represented by a completely positive (CP), trace-preserving map, when the infimum of S(gamma_{12}) - S(gamma_1) is restricted to states of the form gamma_{12} = (I \ot Phi)(| psi >< psi |). We show that this follows from multiplicativity of the completely bounded norm of Phi considered as a map from L_1 -> L_p for L_p spaces defined by the Schatten p-norm on matrices; we also give an independent proof based on entropy inequalities. Several related multiplicativity results are discussed and proved. In particular, we show that both the usual L_1 -> L_p norm of a CP map and the corresponding completely bounded norm are achieved for positive semi-definite matrices. Physical interpretations are considered, and a new proof of strong subadditivity is presented.Comment: Final version for Commun. Math. Physics. Section 5.2 of previous version deleted in view of the results in quant-ph/0601071 Other changes mino

ОПЫТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ АППАРАТА HISTOSCANNING В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ РЕЦИДИВА РАКА ПРЕДСТАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ ПОСЛЕ ВИФУ-АБЛАЦИИ

The new potentialities of 3D transrectal ultrasound study were realized in a HistoScanning diagnostic unit. It has been used at the R.M. Fronshtein Urology Clinic, Research Institute of Uronephrology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, since September 2011. A study of the sensitivity and specificity of the technique enrolled patients undergoing high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of the prostate of for its (PC) in the period 1 to 7 years. Prostate biopsy study with subsequent histology was made to confirm the results of histoscanning. Statistical processing of the obtained data showed that the sensitivity and specificity of histoscanning were 96 −100 and 87.5 −100%, respectively. These results allow one to appreciate histoscanning as a highly sensitive technique that advantageously differs in its significance level and informative value from now routinely used methods. The study on the possibility of planning and monitoring patients after focal treatments for PC opens up great prospects in achieving a balance between the radicality of performed surgery and the maintenance of quality of life in patients.Новые возможности трансректального ультразвукового исследования в режиме 3D реализованы в диагностическом комплексе HistoScanning. С сентября 2011 г. он применяется в НИИ уронефрологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека на базе Клиники урологии им. Р.М. Фронштейна Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова. В исследование чувствительности и специфичности метода включены пациенты, подвергшиеся высокоинтенсивной фокусированной ультразвуковой (ВИФУ, HIFU) аблации предстательной железы (ПЖ) по поводу рака предстательной железы (РПЖ) в период от 1 года до 7 лет. Для подтверждения результатов гистосканирования использовалась биопсия ПЖ с последующим гистологическим исследованием. При статистической обработке полученных данных чувствительность гистосканирования составила 96−100 %, а специфичность 87,5−100 %. Эти результаты позволяют оценивать методику гистосканирования как высокочувствительный метод, выгодно отличающийся степенью достоверности и информативности от рутинно применяемых в настоящее время. Изучение его возможностей в отношении планирования и мониторинга пациентов после фокальных методов лечения РПЖ открывают широкие перспективы в достижении баланса между радикальностью проводимой операции и сохранением уровня качества жизни пациентов