Fracture behaviour of wood and its composites. A review COST Action E35 2004-2008: Wood machining - micromechanics and fracture

Fracturing of wood and its composites is a process influenced by many parameters, on the one hand coming from the structure and properties of wood itself, and on the other from influences from outside, such as loading mode, velocity of deformation, moisture, temperature, etc. Both types of parameters may be investigated experimentally at different levels of magnification, which allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of fracturing. Fracture mechanical methods serve to quantify the fracture process of wood and wood composites with different deformation and fracturing features. Since wood machining is mainly dominated by the fracture properties of wood, knowledge of the different relevant mechanisms is essential. Parameters that influence the fracture process, such as wood density, orientation, loading mode, strain rate and moisture are discussed in the light of results obtained during recent years. Based on this, refined modelling of the different processes becomes possibl

Fracture Energy Of Spruce Wood After Different Drying Procedures

The effects of different wood drying procedures, of felling time (winter and summer), and of compass orientation within one tree (north and south side) on the fracture properties of spruce wood have been studied. A most useful parameter to characterize the fracture behavior, the specific fracture energy Gf, has been determined with a new splitting method. High-temperature (100-110 C) drying renders the lowest specific fracture energy (Gf) and fracture toughness (KIC) values in comparison with 20 C fresh air, 50-60 C (kiln)-drying and prefreezing (-20 C), and air-drying. Prefreezing to -20 C before air-drying provides similar values as 20 C and similar or slightly higher values as 50 C drying. Effects of felling time and of compass orientation could not be detected unambiguously

Vergleichende biomechanische und mikro-computertomographische Untersuchung des Einheilverhaltens bioresorbierbarer Magnesium-Pins und konventioneller Titan-Implantate im transkortikalen Rattenmodell

Recently, Haesevoets, Folmer, and Van Hiel (2015) strongly questioned the comparability and equivalence of different mixed–motive situations as modelled in economic games. Particularly, the authors found that different game correlated only weakly on average and loaded on two separate factors. In turn, personality traits failed to consistently account for behavioural tendencies across games. Contrary to the conclusions of Haesevoets et al., these findings are actually perfectly in line with the game–theoretic understanding of the different economic games. If one considers the variety of specific motives underlying decisions in different games, Haesevoets et al.'s findings actually support the validity of different games rather than questioning it. This, in turn, emphasizes the necessity for the plethora of different games that have been developed over decades in economics and psychology