Galactic cosmic ray exposure estimates for SAGE-3 mission in polar orbit

An analysis of the effects of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) exposures on charge-coupled devices (CCDs) was performed for the SAGE-III 5-year mission in sun-synchronous orbit between 1996 and 2001. A detailed environment model used in conjunction with a geomagnetic vertical cut-off code provides the predicted 5-year fluence of GCR ions. A computerized solid model of the spacecraft was used to define the effective shield thickness distribution around the CCD detector. The particle fluences at the detector location are calculated with the Langley heavy-ion transport code, and these fluences are used in conjunction with estimated nuclear stopping powers to evaluate dosimetric quantities related to the detector degradation. A previous study analyzing effects of trapped particle and solar flare protons indicated an approximate 20 percent reduction in detector sensitivity for the mission. The galactic cosmic ray contribution was thought to be relatively small and therefore was not previously analyzed. The present study provides quantification of the GCR effects, which are found to contribute less than 1 percent of the total environment degradation

Assessing the Character of Place to Guide Geotourism in Montana: A Case Study of Whitefish and White Sulphur Springs, Montana

In 2007 the governor’s Montana Tourism Advisory Council adopted the Montana Tourism and Recreation Charter. Its guiding principle of geotourism pledged to sustain and enhance the character of the places that the people of Montana call home. How can the state’s efforts to keep this pledge be assessed when “character of place” has never been clearly defined or understood in detail? To keep this pledge, and chart the future of geotourism in the state, it was important to clarify what is meant by character of place and identify the full range of present and potential problems that threaten the integrity of a character. Only by assessing character of place can we understand whether and how geotourism sustains the local environment and its aesthetic appeal, enhances the local community and its culture, and enriches the local heritage and well-being of its people

Southeast.

This bulletin reports on Department of Agricultural Economics Research Project 167, Dairy Industry Development--P. [2].Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page [40])

Measurement of polarized parton distributions with spin-dependent deep-inelastic scattering

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-219).by Bryan Eldon Tipton.Ph.D

Lineage Reconstruction of In Vitro Identified Antigen-Specific Autoreactive B Cells from Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoires

The emergence, survival, growth and maintenance of autoreactive (AR) B-cell clones, the hallmark of humoral autoimmunity, leave their footprints in B-cell receptor repertoires. Collecting IgH sequences related to polyreactive (PR) ones from adaptive immune receptor repertoire (AIRR) datasets make the reconstruction and analysis of PR/AR B-cell lineages possible. We developed a computational approach, named ImmChainTracer, to extract members and to visualize clonal relationships of such B-cell lineages. Our approach was successfully applied on the IgH repertoires of patients suffering from monogenic hypomorphic RAG1 and 2 deficiency (pRD) or polygenic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) autoimmune diseases to identify relatives of AR IgH sequences and to track their fate in AIRRs. Signs of clonal expansion, affinity maturation and class-switching events in PR/AR and non-PR/AR B-cell lineages were revealed. An extension of our method towards B-cell expansion caused by any trigger (e.g., infection, vaccination or antibody development) may provide deeper insight into antigen specific B-lymphogenesis

Beneficial Effects of Resistance Exercise on Glycemic Control Are Not Further Improved by Protein Ingestion

Purpose: To investigate the mechanisms underpinning modifications in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity 24 h after a bout of resistance exercise (RE) with or without protein ingestion. Methods: Twenty-four healthy males were assigned to a control (CON; n = 8), exercise (EX; n = 8) or exercise plus protein condition (EX+PRO; n = 8). Muscle biopsy and blood samples were obtained at rest for all groups and immediately post-RE (75% 1RM, 8×10 repetitions of leg-press and extension exercise) for EX and EX+PRO only. At 24 h post-RE (or post-resting biopsy for CON), a further muscle biopsy was obtained. Participants then consumed an oral glucose load (OGTT) containing 2 g of [U-13C] glucose during an infusion of 6, 6-[2H2] glucose. Blood samples were obtained every 10 min for 2 h to determine glucose kinetics. EX+PRO ingested an additional 25 g of intact whey protein with the OGTT. A final biopsy sample was obtained at the end of the OGTT. Results: Fasted plasma glucose and insulin were similar for all groups and were not different immediately post- and 24 h post-RE. Following RE, muscle glycogen was 26±8 and 19±6% lower in EX and EX+PRO, respectively. During OGTT, plasma glucose AUC was lower for EX and EX+PRO (75.1±2.7 and 75.3±2.8 mmol·L-1:120 min, respectively) compared with CON (90.6±4.1 mmol·L-1:120 min). Plasma insulin response was 13±2 and 21±4% lower for EX and CON, respectively, compared with EX+PRO. Glucose disappearance from the circulation was ~12% greater in EX and EX+PRO compared with CON. Basal 24 h post-RE and insulin-stimulated PAS-AS160/TBC1D4 phosphorylation was greater for EX and EX+PRO. Conclusions: Prior RE improves glycemic control and insulin sensitivity through an increase in the rate at which glucose is disposed from the circulation. However, co-ingesting protein during a high-glucose load does not augment this response at 24 h post-exercise in healthy, insulin-sensitive individuals