Automatic tuning of quality factors for VHF CMOS filters

A VHF transconductance-C filter technique with automatic tuning of the quality factors and the cutoff frequency, based on a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), is presented. The Q-tuning circuit is very simple and contains no signal carrying nodes, resulting in a well-controlled Q up to very high frequencies (100 MHz). A breadboard realization of the Q-tuning circuit gave good result

Practical formulation of the relation between filter specifications and the requirements for integrator circuits

The design of integrated, high-frequency, continuous-time filters has made considerable progress in the past few years. As the signal frequencies increase the design of the integrator circuits used in most of these filters becomes more critical. To give direction to the circuit design, minimum specifications for the gain and phase of the integrator circuits would be helpful. A practical method for obtaining these integrator specifications from the filter specifications is developed. The method is applied to a sixth-order Chebyshev band-pass filter, and the result is verified by computer simulatio

A CMOS OTA for HF filters with programmable transfer function

A CMOS operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for programmable HF filters is presented. When used in an OTA-C integrator, the unity-gain frequency phase error remains less than 0.3° for frequencies up to more than one tenth of the OTA bandwidth. The OTA has built-in phase compensation, which allows tuning of the transconductance of the OTA (Gm) while maintaining a small phase error. Since this phase error is preserved over the Gm range of the OTA, the OTA is suitable for filters with a programmable transfer function. Using stacked square-law transistors improves the linearity, DC-gain, and power-consumption properties of the OT

Accurate automatic tuning circuit for bipolar integrated filters

An accurate automatic tuning circuit for tuning the cutoff frequency and Q-factor of high-frequency bipolar filters is presented. The circuit is based on a voltage controlled quadrature oscillator (VCO). The frequency and the RMS (root mean square) amplitude of the oscillator output signal are locked to the frequency and the RMS amplitude of a reference signal, respectively. Special attention is paid to the actual Q-factor in the oscillator. Experimental results for a breadboard circuit operating from 136 to 317 kHz are presente

Holmium Nanoparticles: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of a New Device for Radioablation of Solid Malignancies

# The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Purpose The present study introduces the preparation and in vitro characterization of a nanoparticle device comprising holmium acetylacetonate for radioablation of unresectable solid malignancies. Methods HoAcAc nanoparticles were prepared by dissolving holmium acetylacetonate in chloroform, followed by emulsification in an aqueous solution of a surfactant and evaporation of W. Bult: R. Varkevisser: P. R. Luijten: A. D. van het Schip

Quantum networks reveal quantum nonlocality

The results of local measurements on some composite quantum systems cannot be reproduced classically. This impossibility, known as quantum nonlocality, represents a milestone in the foundations of quantum theory. Quantum nonlocality is also a valuable resource for information processing tasks, e.g. quantum communication, quantum key distribution, quantum state estimation, or randomness extraction. Still, deciding if a quantum state is nonlocal remains a challenging problem. Here we introduce a novel approach to this question: we study the nonlocal properties of quantum states when distributed and measured in networks. Using our framework, we show how any one-way entanglement distillable state leads to nonlocal correlations. Then, we prove that nonlocality is a non-additive resource, which can be activated. There exist states, local at the single-copy level, that become nonlocal when taking several copies of it. Our results imply that the nonlocality of quantum states strongly depends on the measurement context.Comment: 4 + 3 pages, 4 figure

Detecting genuine multipartite continuous-variable entanglement

We derive necessary conditions in terms of the variances of position and momentum linear combinations for all kinds of separability of a multi-party multi-mode continuous-variable state. Their violations can be sufficient for genuine multipartite entanglement, provided the combinations contain both conjugate variables of all modes. Hence a complete state determination, for example by detecting the entire correlation matrix of a Gaussian state, is not needed.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Multipartite entangled states in coupled quantum dots and cavity-QED

We investigate the generation of multipartite entangled state in a system of N quantum dots embedded in a microcavity and examine the emergence of genuine multipartite entanglement by three different characterizations of entanglement. At certain times of dynamical evolution one can generate multipartite entangled coherent exciton states or multiqubit $W$ states by initially preparing the cavity field in a superposition of coherent states or the Fock state with one photon, respectively. Finally we study environmental effects on multipartite entanglement generation and find that the decay rate for the entanglement is proportional to the number of excitons.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.