391 research outputs found
Non-Psychiatric Nurse Self-Efficacy with Suicidality after an Educational Intervention
Lack of acute-care hospital non-psychiatric nursesâ confidence and competence with suicidality has been reported in the literature. Evidence supports multi-modal education to increase recall and improve outcomes. The theory of self-efficacy included concepts of confidence as well as competence and served as the projectâs theoretical underpinning. A descriptive design was utilized to examine the effects of an education intervention using various methodologies addressing suicide risk factors, prevention, management, and safe care on nursesâ perceived level of self-efficacy. Methods included a pre-test survey, an education module intervention, and a non-matched post-test survey. The survey used consisted of 11 of the original Suicide Competency Inventory (SCI) statements arranged across three scales. Convenience sampling was used with 26 participants in the pre-survey and 40 in the post-survey groups. A shift toward positive responses was observed for nine statements (range 0.2% to 34.2%). Non-psychiatric nurse positivism concerning competency to treat/care for suicidal patients was 2.141 times more likely after completing the education module. Chi-squared testing revealed statistically significant improvements with the most significant increase in the nursesâ perceived competency scale 2 = 14.513 and p\u3c .0001. Multi-modal education regarding suicidality can improve nursesâ self-efficacy in caring for suicidal patients or those at risk for suicide to promote better outcomes and improved safety
Bayesian Analysis of Individual Level Personality Dynamics
A Bayesian technique with analyses of within-person processes at the level of the individual is presented. The approach is used to examine if the patterns of within-person responses on a 12 trial simulation task are consistent with the predictions of ITA theory (Dweck, 1999). ITA theory states that the performance of an individual with an entity theory of ability is more likely to spiral down following a failure experience than the performance of an individual with an incremental theory of ability. This is because entity theorists interpret failure experiences as evidence of a lack of ability, which they believe is largely innate and therefore relatively ïŹxed; whilst incremental theorists believe in the malleability of abilities and interpret failure experiences as evidence of more controllable factors such as poor strategy or lack of effort. The results of our analyses support ITA theory at both the within- and between-person levels of analyses and demonstrate the beneïŹts of Bayesian techniques for the analysis of within-person processes. These include more formal speciïŹcation of the theory and the ability to draw inferences about each individual, which allows for more nuanced interpretations of individuals within a personality category, such as differences in the individual probabilities of spiralling. While Bayesian techniques have many potential advantages for the analyses of within-person processes at the individual level, ease of use is not one of them for psychologists trained in traditional frequentist statistical techniques
Enzootic Rabies Elimination from Dogs and Reemergence in Wild Terrestrial Carnivores, United States
Independent enzootics in wild terrestrial carnivores resulted from spillover events from long-term enzootics associated with dogs
Genomic DNA Sequences from Mastodon and Woolly Mammoth Reveal Deep Speciation of Forest and Savanna Elephants
This study compares three extant elephants species - forest, savanna, and Asian - to extinct mammoth and mastodon. Surprisingly, forest and savanna elephants in Africa today are as distinct from each other as mammoth and Asian elephants
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy : symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux can be reduced by changes in surgical technique
Q1Q11874-1879BACKGROUND:
Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in obese patients, with the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass being the technique preferred by many surgeons. Published data reporting the results of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with GERD are contradictory. In a previous observational study, we found that relative narrowing of the distal sleeve, hiatal hernia (HH), and dilation of the fundus predispose to GERD after LSG. In this study, we evaluated the effects of standardization of our LSG technique on the incidence of postoperative symptoms of GERD.
METHODS:
This was a concurrent cohort study. Patients who underwent bariatric surgery at our center were followed prospectively. LSG was performed in all patients in this series.
RESULTS:
A total of 234 patients underwent surgery. There were no cases of death, fistula, or conversion to open surgery. All 134 patients who completed 6-12 months of postoperative follow-up were evaluated. Excess weight loss at 1 year was 73.5%. In the study group, 66 patients (49.2%) were diagnosed with GERD preoperatively, and HH was detected in 34 patients (25.3%) intraoperatively. HH was treated by reduction in three patients, anterior repair in 28, and posterior repair in three. Only two patients (1.5%) had symptoms of GERD at 6-12 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results confirm that careful attention to surgical technique can result in significantly reduced occurrence of symptoms of GERD up to 12 months postoperatively, compared with previous reports of LSG in the literature
Marginal and internal fit of pre-sintered Co-Cr and zirconia 3-unit fixed dental prostheses as measured using microcomputed tomography
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Limited information is available on the precision of new metal processing technologies.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of pre-sintered cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) and zirconia 3-unit fixed dental prostheses using x-ray microcomputed tomography.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Three-unit fixed dental prostheses were prepared on metal dies (N=12) using a typodont model from the maxillary first premolar to the first molar. A standardized preparation with a 1.2-mm chamfer (360 degrees) and a 2-mm occlusal reduction was prepared on abutment teeth. The dies were scanned and divided into 2 groups to receive the fixed dental prostheses (n=6) made of pre-sintered Co-Cr and pre-sintered zirconia. Each framework was seated on its cast, and marginal and internal discrepancies were measured at 9 points, starting from the most distal point from the pontic for the maxillary first premolar and the first molar (points 1-4, mesial; point 5, occlusal; points 6-9, distal) of each abutment tooth using microcomputed tomography. The data were analyzed using the Levene test, t test, and ANOVA (α=.05).
RESULTS
When overall mean discrepancy values were compared, no significant difference was observed between pre-sintered Co-Cr and pre-sintered zirconia (P=.085). Discrepancy values for points 1, 2, and 3 were significantly different for pre-sintered Co-Cr and pre-sintered zirconia, with the lowest mean values for point 1 and the highest for point 5. On the abutment tooth basis, for the maxillary first premolar and the first molar, a significant difference was found only in points 6 (P<.001) and 8 (P<.003) for both materials. When the discrepancies for the maxillary first premolar were considered for pre-sintered Co-Cr and pre-sintered zirconia, the mean values were significantly different only at points 1 (P<.001), 2 (P=.007), and 3 (P=.003) and were smaller for pre-sintered zirconia. For the tooth the first molar, a significant difference was observed at point 2 (P=.002) and point 3 (P=.008) for both materials, where the mean values were higher for pre-sintered Co-Cr than for pre-sintered zirconia. The pairwise comparison between points showed a significant difference between measurement points within each material (P<.05). The increase in values between points 1 and 5 was evident for both pre-sintered Co-Cr and pre-sintered zirconia materials.
CONCLUSIONS
Three-unit fixed dental prostheses made of pre-sintered Co-Cr or zirconia showed similar marginal and internal discrepancy values, with the highest discrepancy values at the occlusal region in both the first premolar and first molar
Hyperbolic traveling waves driven by growth
We perform the analysis of a hyperbolic model which is the analog of the
Fisher-KPP equation. This model accounts for particles that move at maximal
speed (\epsilon\textgreater{}0), and proliferate according to
a reaction term of monostable type. We study the existence and stability of
traveling fronts. We exhibit a transition depending on the parameter
: for small the behaviour is essentially the same as for
the diffusive Fisher-KPP equation. However, for large the traveling
front with minimal speed is discontinuous and travels at the maximal speed
. The traveling fronts with minimal speed are linearly stable in
weighted spaces. We also prove local nonlinear stability of the traveling
front with minimal speed when is smaller than the transition
parameter.Comment: 24 page
Mathematical description of bacterial traveling pulses
The Keller-Segel system has been widely proposed as a model for bacterial
waves driven by chemotactic processes. Current experiments on {\em E. coli}
have shown precise structure of traveling pulses. We present here an
alternative mathematical description of traveling pulses at a macroscopic
scale. This modeling task is complemented with numerical simulations in
accordance with the experimental observations. Our model is derived from an
accurate kinetic description of the mesoscopic run-and-tumble process performed
by bacteria. This model can account for recent experimental observations with
{\em E. coli}. Qualitative agreements include the asymmetry of the pulse and
transition in the collective behaviour (clustered motion versus dispersion). In
addition we can capture quantitatively the main characteristics of the pulse
such as the speed and the relative size of tails. This work opens several
experimental and theoretical perspectives. Coefficients at the macroscopic
level are derived from considerations at the cellular scale. For instance the
stiffness of the signal integration process turns out to have a strong effect
on collective motion. Furthermore the bottom-up scaling allows to perform
preliminary mathematical analysis and write efficient numerical schemes. This
model is intended as a predictive tool for the investigation of bacterial
collective motion
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