Spektralna svojstva potresa na dodiru tektonskih ploča

Earthquakes are investigated with epicentres located along divergent and along convergent plate boundaries. Two criteria are applied in order to distinguish between earthquakes featuring anomalous “long-periodic” and “short-periodic” radiation of body-waves: 1) deviation of the corner period Tc of the P-waves from the regression between Tc and the moment magnitude Mw; and 2) the values of stress drop Dsigma. It is found that earthquakes along divergent boundaries radiate the seismic energy mainly at longer periods, and, vice versa, that such along convergent boundaries radiate energy mainly at shorter periods. The average stress drop for the former earthquakes is estimated thereby to be 33 bars and for latter – 89 bars. In a regional scale, for earthquakes in the Japan-Kuril area it is found that the corner periods for strike-slip events are larger than those for thrust events. The results confirm the findings of investigations based on the creepex distribution along divergent and convergent boundaries, as well as the findings related to the dependence of creepex on the source mechanism.Proučavani su potresi na konvergentnim i divergentnim mjestima dodira tektonskih ploča. Potresi karakterizirani anomalno dugoperiodičkom odnosno kratkoperiodičkom radijacijom prostornih valova razlučeni su na osnovi devijacije graničnog perioda Tc P-valova (regresijom Tc i momentne magnitude Mw), te razmatranjem iznosa pada napetosti na rasjedu, Dsigma. Ustanovljeno je da potresi na konvergentnim granicama zrače seizmičku energiju uglavnom na duljim periodima nego oni na divergentnim granicama. Prosječni pad napetosti za potrese duž konvergentnih granica iznosi 33 bara, a za one na divergentnim 89 bara. Na području Japana i Kurilskih otoka »strike-slip« potresi imaju veći granični period od »dip-slip« potresa. Rezultati su u skladu s istraživanjima creepex razdiobe duž konvergentnih i divergentnih granica, kao i ovisnosti creepex-a o žarišnom mehanizmu

Testing a simple recipe for estimating galaxy masses from minimal observational data

The accuracy and robustness of a simple method to estimate the total mass profile of a galaxy is tested using a sample of 65 cosmological zoom-simulations of individual galaxies. The method only requires information on the optical surface brightness and the projected velocity dispersion profiles and therefore can be applied even in case of poor observational data. In the simulated sample massive galaxies ($\sigma \simeq 200-400$ \kms) at redshift $z=0$ have almost isothermal rotation curves for broad range of radii (RMS $\simeq 5$ for the circular speed deviations from a constant value over $0.5R_{\rm eff} < r < 3R_{\rm eff}$). For such galaxies the method recovers the unbiased value of the circular speed. The sample averaged deviation from the true circular speed is less than $\sim 1$ with the scatter of $\simeq 5-8$ (RMS) up to $R \simeq 5R_{\rm eff}$. Circular speed estimates of massive non-rotating simulated galaxies at higher redshifts ($z=1$ and $z=2$) are also almost unbiased and with the same scatter. For the least massive galaxies in the sample ($\sigma < 150$ \kms) at $z=0$ the RMS deviation is $\simeq 7-9$ and the mean deviation is biased low by about $1-2$. We also derive the circular velocity profile from the hydrostatic equilibrium (HE) equation for hot gas in the simulated galaxies. The accuracy of this estimate is about RMS $\simeq 4-5$ for massive objects ($M > 6.5\times 10^{12} M_\odot$) and the HE estimate is biased low by $\simeq 3-4$, which can be traced to the presence of gas motions. This implies that the simple mass estimate can be used to determine the mass of observed massive elliptical galaxies to an accuracy of $5-8$ and can be very useful for galaxy surveys.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl

High-resolution, High-sensitivity, Low-frequency uGMRT View of Coma Cluster of Galaxies

We present high-resolution, high-sensitivity upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of the Coma cluster (A1656) at 250-500 MHz and 550-850 MHz. At 250-500 MHz, 135 sources have extensions $>$ 0.45 arcmin (with peak-to-local-noise ratio $> 4$). Of these, 24 sources are associated with Coma-member galaxies. In addition, we supplement this sample of 24 galaxies with 20 ram pressure stripped galaxies from Chen et al. (2020, eight are included in the original extended radio source sample) and an additional five are detected and extended. We present radio morphologies, radio spectra, spectral index maps, and equipartition properties for these two samples. In general, we find the equipartition properties lie within a narrow range (e.g., $P_{\rm min}$ = 1-3 dynes cm$^{-2}$). Only NGC 4874, one of the two brightest central Coma cluster galaxies, has a central energy density and pressure about five times higher and a radio source age about 50 % lower than that of the other Coma galaxies. We find a diffuse tail of radio emission trailing the dominant galaxy of the merging NGC 4839 group that coincides with the "slingshot" tail, seen in X-rays. The southwestern radio relic, B1253$+$275, has a large extent $\approx$ 32$^\prime$ $\times$ 10$^\prime$ ($\simeq$ 1.08 $\times$ 0.34 Mpc$^2$). For NGC 4789, whose long radio tails merge into the relic and may be a source of its relativistic seed electrons, and we find a transverse radio spectral gradient, a steepening from southwest to northeast across the width of the radio source. Finally, radio morphologies of the extended and RPS samples suggest that these galaxies are on their first infall into Coma on (predominantly) radial orbits.Comment: 35 pages (includes Appendices), 15 figures (includes 2 figures in Appendix, some Figures are of lower quality), 6 tables (includes 1 table in Appendix), accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

High-resolution, High-sensitivity, Low-frequency uGMRT View of Coma Cluster of Galaxies

We present high-resolution, high-sensitivity upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations of the Coma cluster (A1656) at 250-500 MHz and 550-850 MHz. At 250-500 MHz, 135 sources have extensions &gt;0.'45 (with peak-to-local-noise ratio &gt;4). Of these, 24 sources are associated with Coma-member galaxies. In addition, we supplement this sample of 24 galaxies with 20 ram pressure stripped (RPS) galaxies from (Chen et al. 2020, eight are included in the original extended radio source sample) and an additional five are detected and extended. We present radio morphologies, radio spectra, spectral index maps, and equipartition properties for these two samples. In general, we find the equipartition properties lie within a narrow range (e.g., Pmin = 1-3 × 10- 13 dynes cm-2). Only NGC 4874, one of the two brightest central Coma cluster galaxies, has a central energy density and pressure about five times higher and a radio source age about 50% lower than that of the other Coma galaxies. We find a diffuse tail of radio emission trailing the dominant galaxy of the merging NGC 4839 group that coincides with the slingshot tail seen in X-rays. The southwestern radio relic, B1253+275, has a large extent ≍32' × 10' (≃1.08 × 0.34 Mpc2). For NGC 4789, whose long radio tails merge into the relic and may be a source of its relativistic seed electrons, we find a transverse radio spectral gradient, a steepening from southwest to northeast across the width of the radio source. Finally, radio morphologies of the extended and RPS samples suggest that these galaxies are on their first infall into Coma on (predominantly) radial orbits

Spektralna svojstva potresa na dodiru tektonskih ploča

Earthquakes are investigated with epicentres located along divergent and along convergent plate boundaries. Two criteria are applied in order to distinguish between earthquakes featuring anomalous “long-periodic” and “short-periodic” radiation of body-waves: 1) deviation of the corner period Tc of the P-waves from the regression between Tc and the moment magnitude Mw; and 2) the values of stress drop Dsigma. It is found that earthquakes along divergent boundaries radiate the seismic energy mainly at longer periods, and, vice versa, that such along convergent boundaries radiate energy mainly at shorter periods. The average stress drop for the former earthquakes is estimated thereby to be 33 bars and for latter – 89 bars. In a regional scale, for earthquakes in the Japan-Kuril area it is found that the corner periods for strike-slip events are larger than those for thrust events. The results confirm the findings of investigations based on the creepex distribution along divergent and convergent boundaries, as well as the findings related to the dependence of creepex on the source mechanism.Proučavani su potresi na konvergentnim i divergentnim mjestima dodira tektonskih ploča. Potresi karakterizirani anomalno dugoperiodičkom odnosno kratkoperiodičkom radijacijom prostornih valova razlučeni su na osnovi devijacije graničnog perioda Tc P-valova (regresijom Tc i momentne magnitude Mw), te razmatranjem iznosa pada napetosti na rasjedu, Dsigma. Ustanovljeno je da potresi na konvergentnim granicama zrače seizmičku energiju uglavnom na duljim periodima nego oni na divergentnim granicama. Prosječni pad napetosti za potrese duž konvergentnih granica iznosi 33 bara, a za one na divergentnim 89 bara. Na području Japana i Kurilskih otoka »strike-slip« potresi imaju veći granični period od »dip-slip« potresa. Rezultati su u skladu s istraživanjima creepex razdiobe duž konvergentnih i divergentnih granica, kao i ovisnosti creepex-a o žarišnom mehanizmu