Charge ordering and interlayer phase coherence in quantum Hall superlattices

The possibility of the existence of states with a spontaneous interlayer phase coherence in multilayer electron systems in a high perpendicular to the layers magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that phase coherence can be established in such systems only within individual pairs of adjacent layers, while such coherence does not exist between layers of different pairs. The conditions for stability of the state with interlayer phase coherence against transition to a charge-ordered state are determined. It is shown that in the system with the number of layers N\leq 10 these conditions are satisfied at any value of the interlayer distance d. For N>10 there are two intervals of stability: at sufficiently large and at sufficiently small d. For N\to \infty the stability interval in the region of small d vanishesComment: 10 page

Efficiency of Developing Renewable Energy Market in Russia

The goal of this study is to systematize and provide a quantitative and qualitative assessment of potential positive economic and non-economic effects of the implementation of a new mechanism for supporting renewable energy in Russia. It should result in achieving the national medium-term objective to increase the share of renewable energy in the wholesale electricity and capacity market to 2.5 % by 2024. The introduction examines the mechanism for supporting the generators of renewable energy by capacity charge in the wholesale electricity and capacity market. It is assumed that the main positive effects from implementing this mechanism will be the replacement of hydrocarbon fuels burned for generating the electricity in traditional coal or gas power plants; improvement in the trade balance; multiplier effects from the development of RES in related industrial sectors, new value added and jobs in the sectors producing the generating and auxiliary equipment for generators; reduction of carbon dioxide emissions; decrease in average prices in the wholesale electricity market; reduction of expenditure on environmental activities and measures to protect the health in the territories with traditional power plants; additional scal charges. As a result, the quantification of these effects amounts to 47.77 billion rubles in 2024. The authors rely on the experience of foreign countries, expert estimates, forecasts by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the Ministry of Economic Development, research by the Russian Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, Community for Renewable Energy Policy in the 21st Century (REN21), statistics of Russian Federal State Statistics Service.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research as part of the project 14–06–00075 “National Economic and Environmental Security: Threats, Effects, and Scenario for Interaction of Economy and Environment.

From the experience of supporting young teachers in the EU countries

The purpose of the article is a description of the basic points of the uniform policy adopted in the European countries (EU members) targeted at the support of beginning teachers. At present, the majority of the European countries face shortage of teachers. For various reasons young teachers leave the profession. The number of such teachers can be reduced significantly if at the beginning of their professional career they are given complex support including personal, social and professional components. The problem of young teachers’ outflow from comprehensive schools takes place in our country, too. That is why foreign experience of solving this problem is important. Methods. Methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization of foreign experience are used. Results and scientific novelty. After the analysis of the European commission documents, the main components of the program for the support of beginning teachers during the induction period, recommended for introduction in EU countries, are defined. Each component of the induction program (personal, social and professional) has a number of necessary elements characteristics of which are given in the article. The program provides four interconnected systems of support: mentoring, support of experts, support of colleagues and self-reflection. The article contains a short description of these systems (types of support, the purposes, key factors, kinds of activity, necessary conditions). The article gives also the main, general conditions necessary for effective implementation of induction programs. Practical significance. The results of the research of the experience in EU countries on supporting beginning teachers during the induction period of their professional career can be useful to the heads of the regional ministries and territorial administrations of education, comprehensive schools developing a system of measures for supporting young teachers. Цель статьи – описание основных положений единой политики поддержки начинающих учителей в странах Европейского союза, в большинстве которых в настоящее время ощущается нехватка педагогических кадров. По разным причинам молодые учителя уходят из профессии, но количество покидающих педагогическое поприще можно существенно сократить, если в начале профессиональной деятельности оказывать им комплексную (личностную, социальную и профессиональную) помощь. Проблема оттока молодых кадров из общеобразовательных школ имеет место и в нашей стране. В связи с этим зарубежный опыт решения данной проблемы весьма актуален. Методы. В работе использованы методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения. Результаты и научная новизна. На основе содержания документов Европейской комиссии определены основные составляющие рекомендованной к внедрению в странах ЕС программы поддержки начинающих учителей на протяжении индукционного периода. Охарактеризованы необходимые элементы каждой из составляющих индукционной программы, предусматривающей четыре взаимосвязанные системы поддержки: наставничество (менторство), экспертное сообщество, поддержку коллег и саморефлексию. Дано краткое описание этих систем: видов поддержки, целей, ключевых факторов, видов деятельности. Перечислены также общие условия, необходимые для эффективной реализации индукционных программ. Практическая значимость. Изложенные в статье материалы исследования могут быть полезны руководителям региональных министерств, территориальных управлений образования, общеобразовательных организаций при разработке системы мер по поддержке молодых учителе

From the experience of teacher certification in foreign countries

The purpose of the article is to review foreign experience of teacher certification according to requirements of the Teacher Professional Standards. Methods. The authors use analysis and generalization of official documents and methodical recommendations of the European Commission on introduction of a system of professional competences (standards) of the teacher; guides for certification of teachers in the EU countries, the USA and Australia according to standards of the teacher; regulations of Russian centers for certification of pedagogical workers using in their activities overseas experience of similar centers and the international standard of personnel certification. Results. Various options for the use of a system of the teacher professional competencies (standards), as well as models of independent certification of teachers in terms of approaches, goals, objectives and organizational forms used in the EU, the USA and Australia are considered and analysed. Scientific novelty. As a result of the analysis of teacher certification experience in a number of foreign countries some general tendencies are identified and taken into account in the recommendations on the establishment of the system of Russian teachers certification as consistent with the Professional Standard «Teacher (pedagogical activity in the field of pre-school, primary general, basic general, secondary general education) (educator, teacher)». Practical significance. The results can be used while developing of regional centres for teachers’ independent certificationЦели статьи – обзор зарубежного опыта сертификации педагогических работников и установление степени соответствия содержания данной процедуры требованиям существующих профессиональных стандартов. Методы. В работе использованы анализ и обобщение официальных документов и методических рекомендаций Европейской комиссии по внедрению системы профессиональных компетенций педагога; руководств по проведению сертификации педагогических работников в странах Европейского союза (ЕС), в США и Австралии; нормативных документов российских центров сертификации в данной области, адаптировавших к своей деятельности зарубежный опыт аналогичных центров и международный стандарт сертификации персонала. Результаты. Рассмотрены и проанализированы различные варианты системы профессиональных компетенций (стандартов) педагога, а также модели независимой сертификации педагогов с точки зрения подходов, целей, задач и организационных форм, применяемых на территории ЕС, в США и Австралии. Научная новизна. Выявлены общие тенденции в процессах и процедурах сертификации педагогов в ряде зарубежных стран. Исходя из этого и в соответствии с требованиями профессионального стандарта «Педагог (педагогическая деятельность в сфере дошкольного, начального общего, основного общего, среднего общего образования) (воспитатель, учитель)» сформулированы рекомендации по созданию системы сертификации российских педагогических кадров. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования могут быть задействованы при создании региональных центров независимой сертификации педагого

X-ray film chamber with carbon target of Tien-Shan complex array

X-ray films were exposed inside the ionization calorimeter under 74g/sq cm of carbon and 5 cm of lead. The X-ray film chamber area is 35 sq. m. Moving X-ray films were used, 50% of the events, which succeeded to determine incidence time, were identified with corresponding extensive air showers (EAS). For such events the size spectrum of associated EAS was derived. Two methods of energy measurement using X-ray films and ionization calorimeter were compared. The energy transfer from selected hadron to electromagnetic component is illustrated. It is found that in cascades with high energy release into electromagnetic components the hadron component is practically absent

Project approach to the development of rural tourism

The authors of the article provide an overview of scientific approaches to the definition of the essence and role of event and gastronomic tourism against the backdrop of the rural tourism promotion currently carried out. The interrelation between all the aforementioned types of tourism and the expediency of their joint development are substantiated. The necessity of holding events in order to smooth out the seasonality of rural tourism and attract tourists interested not only in standard services of rural guest houses but also in entertainment events is proved. Special emphasis is placed on the application of the project approach to the process of creating events. A description of the festivals held in the Vologda region is provided. The main problems of the implementation of project management at the municipal level are identified. The possibility of holding gastronomic festivals within the clusters operating in the region is considered. The example of the «SyrFest» gastronomic festival is used to demonstrate a possible project structure designed for such event

Postdocs in Russia: Peculiarities of Employment and Incentives

The article presents the results of the author’s research aimed at identifying the peculiarities of employment of postdocs, a relatively new labor category for the Russian academic labor market. Due to several difficulties associated with forming a sample of postdocs (difficulty in identifying key persons responsible for the development of postdoctoral programs; direct, but not always justified, refusals to provide data, difficulties in identifying potential respondents due to their occupation of various scientific positions in Russian universities), the “snowball” method was used. As a result, the empirical basis of the study was formed based on the results of an online survey of 44 postdocs. As part of the study, tasks related to compiling a socio-economic portrait of a postdoc based on economic, socio-demographic characteristics and indicators of research efficiency, identifying the characteristics of the employment and placement experience of postdocs, objective factors and individual motives for making decisions in the field of choosing postdoctoral programs were solved, as well as diagnostics of tools and channels for young researchers to search for vacancies. The authors distinguish between types of academic mobility (educational and labor) and consider postdoctoral studies as a promising form of external labor academic mobility aimed at attracting and retaining high-potential young researchers planning a long-term career in the academic labor market.Shifting the emphasis from the inbreeding model of university development (internal labor mobility) to the model of external labor academic mobility of young specialists allows those universities that can effectively manage the flow of academic human capital to receive additional socio-economic preferences and return on investment. There are very few similar empirical studies that analyze the features of the development of postdoctoral institutions in Russia and abroad and are based on quantitative and qualitative data from surveys of direct participants in external labor academic mobility – postdocs, which determines the scientific novelty and practical value of the proposed results