On scale separation in type II AdS flux vacua

We study the separation of AdS and Kaluza-Klein (KK) scales in type II 4d AdS orientifold vacua. We first address this problem in toroidal/orbifold type IIA vacua with metric fluxes, corresponding to compactifications in twisted tori, both from the 4d and 10d points of view. We show how the naive application of the effective 4d theory leads to results which violate the AdS distance conjecture, in a class of N = 1 supersymmetric models which have a 10d lifting to a compactification on S3× S3. We show how using KK scales properly modified by the compact metric leads to no separationof scales with MKK2=c|Λ|, with c a numerical constant independent of fluxes. This applies with no need to keep non-leading fluxes fixed. We also consider a class of IIB models with non-geometric fluxes in which the effective field theory analysis seems to lead to a naive separation of scales and a violation of the AdS distance conjecture. It has a T-dual which again may be understood as a 10d type IIA theory compactified on S3× S3. In this geometric dual one again observes that the strong AdS distance conjecture is obeyed with MKK2=c′|Λ|, if one takes into account the curvature in the internal space. These findings seem to suggest that all toroidal/orbifold models with fluxes in this class obey MKK2=c|Λ| with c a flux-independent numerical constantThis work is supported by the Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) through the grant IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0597, and by the grants FPA2015- 65480-P and PGC2018-095976-B-C21 from MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE. A.H. is supported JHEP03(2020)013 by the Spanish FPU Grant No. FPU15/0501

Benign Bilateral Adenomyoepithelioma of the Mammary Gland in a Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta)

Naturally occurring mammary tumours are uncommon in prosimians. A 20-year-old female ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) developed bilateral enlargement of the mammary glands. Surgical removal revealed that both masses were comprised of multiple nodules and cystic areas that entirely replaced the normal glands. Histologically, a benign neoplastic biphasic cellular proliferation, composed of luminal–epithelial and basal–myoepithelial components, was identified. Immunohistochemical analysis for expression of cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK7, CK5 + 8, CK14, vimentin, p63 and 14-3-3σ highlighted the biphasic nature of the neoplasm. A low mitotic count, low Ki67 labelling index, expression of oestrogen receptor-α, lack of expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor and a 3-year disease-free period without recurrence supported the benign nature of the tumour. Macroscopically, histologically and immunohistochemically this neoplasm resembled benign adenomyoepithelioma of the breast in women. This is the first complete report of a naturally occurring mammary tumour in a ring-tailed lemur

The Swampland Distance Conjecture and towers of tensionless branes

The Swampland Distance Conjecture states that at infinite distance in the scalar moduli space an infinite tower of particles become exponentially massless. We study this issue in the context of 4d type IIA and type IIB Calabi-Yau compactifications. We find that for large moduli not only towers of particles but also domain walls and strings become tensionless. We study in detail the case of type IIA and IIB = 1 CY orientifolds and show how for infinite Kähler and/or complex structure moduli towers of domain walls and strings become tensionless, depending on the particular direction in moduli space. For the type IIA case we construct the monodromy orbits of domain walls in detail. We study the structure of mass scales in these limits and find that these towers may occur at the same scale as the fundamental string scale or the KK scale making sometimes difficult an effective field theory description. The structure of IIA and IIB towers are consistent with mirror symmetry, as long as towers of exotic domain walls associated to non-geometric fluxes also appear. We briefly discuss the issue of emergence within this context and the possible implications for 4d vacuaThis work has been supported by the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421, by the grant FPA2012-32828 from the MINECO, and the grant SEV-2012-0249 of the “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa” Programme. The work of A.H. is supported by the Spanish FPU Grant No. FPU15/05012

The type IIA flux potential, 4-forms and Freed-Witten anomalies

We compute the full classical 4d scalar potential of type IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds in the presence of fluxes and D6-branes. We show that it can be written as a bilinear form V = ZABρAρB, where the ρA are in one-to-one correspondence with the 4-form fluxes of the 4d effective theory. The ρA only depend on the internal fluxes, the axions and the topological data of the compactification, and are fully determined by the Freed-Witten anomalies of branes that appear as 4d string defects. The quadratic form ZAB only depends on the saxionic partners of these axions. In general, the ρA can be seen as the basic invariants under the discrete shift symmetries of the 4d effective theory, and therefore the building blocks of any flux-dependent quantity. All these polynomials may be obtained by derivation from one of them, associated to a universal 4-form. The standard N= 1 supergravity flux superpotential is uniquely determined from this master polynomial, and vice versaThis work is supported by the Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) through the grant IFT Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa SEV-2016-0597, by the grant FPA2015-65480-P from MINECO/FEDER EU, by the ERC Advanced Grant SPLE under contract ERC-2012-ADG-20120216-320421 and by the HKRGC grants HUKST4/CRF/13G and 16304414. A.H. is supported by the Spanish FPU Grant No. FPU15/0501

Entropy Bounds and the Species Scale Distance Conjecture

The Swampland Distance Conjecture (SDC) states that, as we move towards an infinite distance point in moduli space, a tower of states becomes exponentially light with the geodesic distance in any consistent theory of Quantum Gravity. Although this fact has been tested in large sets of examples, it is fair to say that a bottom-up justification that explains both the geodesic requirement and the exponential behavior has been missing so far. In the present paper we address this issue by making use of the Covariant Entropy Bound as applied to the EFT. When applied to backgrounds of the Dynamical Cobordism type in theories with a moduli space, we are able to recover these main features of the SDC. Moreover, this naturally leads to universal lower and upper bounds on the 'decay rate' parameter $\lambda_{\text{sp}}$ of the species scale, that we propose as a convex hull condition under the name of Species Scale Distance Conjecture (SSDC). This is in contrast to already proposed universal bounds, that apply to the SDC parameter of the lightest tower. We also extend the analysis to the case in which asymptotically exponential potentials are present, finding a nice interplay with the asymptotic de Sitter conjecture. To test the SSDC, we study the convex hull that encodes the (asymptotic) moduli dependence of the species scale. In this way, we show that the SSDC is the strongest bound on the species scale exponential rate which is preserved under dimensional reduction and we verify it in M-theory toroidal compactifications.Comment: 54 pages + Appendix, 17 figures, 2 table

Microestructura del esmalte de los incisivos de roedores (Mammalia, Rodentia)

Abstract not availabl

APPLICATIONS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCANNING TECHNOLOGY FOR THE COORDINATION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS OF NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY (INAH) IN MEXICO CITY. (2009 AND 2010)

[EN] The National Institute of Archaeology and History manages the documentation and preservation of the patrimony of Mexico, a country with an area of ??1.959.000 square kilometers, which is almost four times the size of Spain. To attend on all this patrimony, INAH has several departments. The National Coordination of Historical Monuments manages the monuments and architecture built from the colonial era. Inside the Coordination, the Technical Support Division manages the teams and the tools necessary for the survey[ES] El Instituto Nacional de Arqueología e Historia gestiona la documentación y conservación del patrimonio de México un país con una extensión de 1.959000 kilómetros cuadrados, que casi cuadriplica la extensión de España. Para atender todo este Patrimonio el INAH cuenta con diversos departamentos. La Coordinación Nacional de Monumentos Históricos gestiona los monumentos y arquitecturas construidos a partir de la época virreinal. Dentro de la Coordinación, la Dirección de Apoyo Técnico gestiona los equipos e instrumentos necesarios para el levantamiento.Navarro Esteve, P.; Herráez Boquera, J.; Mora Flores, Á.; Barros E Costa, H.; Denia Ríos, JL. (2011). APLICACIONES DE LA TECNOLOGÍA DE DIGITALIZACIÓN TRIDIMENSIONAL POR LA COORDINACIÓN DE MONUMENTOS HISTÓRICOS DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ARQUEOLOGÍA E HISTORIA (INAH) EN MÉXICO DF. (2009 Y 2010). EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 16(17). doi:10.4995/ega.2011.882SWORD4253161

All-fiber tunable optical delay line

We present a tunable optical delay line based on the use of a single chirped fiber Bragg grating written into a standard single mode optical fiber. In the proposed scheme, the delay is induced through the Bragg grating differential group delay curve. This is achieved by launching orthogonally polarized optical pulses in both directions into the Bragg grating and by controlling its local birefringence. This bidirectional propagation allows to compensate the second-order dispersion. The setup is suitable to delay pulses with a spectral width just less than the grating reflection bandwidth, which is particularly useful in the context of forthcoming wavelength division multiplexing ultra-high bit rate lightwave systems. In this work, the performances of the setup are investigated using a pulsed laser delivering 6.3 ps Fourier transform limited pulses at 1548 nm. A maximum delay of 120 ps (about 20 times the pulse width) is reported experimentally

Water Framework Directive (WFD) Application to Water Quality Monitoring Design in Port Service Areas (Cartagena-Murcia)

A Water Quality Monitoring Network was developed in the Port of Cartagena, one of the Major Spanish Ports, in order to improve its Environmental Management System. The physical-chemical parameters and biological indicators were established according to the WFD (Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC), these guidelines, to assess the current status of the water body and to establish the criteria to design the monitoring network necessary for the evaluation of its evolution. Twenty two stations were sampled at different depths and 264 samples were taken. A statistical analysis was applied to these samples in order to discriminate relevant parameters, as well as the status of the Control stations and the frequency of sampling to conduct the design with objective criteria of the monitoring networ