Epidemiological features of pneumococcal lower respiratory tract infection in prescool children with different wheezy phenotypes

Preschool children suffering from bronchial asthma, are a special group of patients, in which any antigenic interference should be reasonable and safe. In order to determine the target group for pneumococcal vaccination in a prospective, observational surveillance conducted mikrobilogical. serological testing for 137 children with exacerbation of asthma and obstructive bronchitis in age from 1 to 7 years. S. pneumoniae was detected in 62% (n = 85) patients. Of these, the main group - 53% (n = 57) and 97% (n = 28) - in the comparison group (p = 0.03). In children with asthma was a significant decrease in the concentration of subclass lgG3 0,3 ± 0,01 g/l (compared to 0,61 + 0,01 g/l, p <0,001) and decreased IgG subclass 4 for children with obstructive bronchitis 0,1 + 0,1 g/l (compared to 1,91 ± 0,1 g/l, p <0,001). Conclusion: preschool children with both asthma and obstructive bronchitis represented the target group for active immunization pneumococcal infection.Дети раннего возраста, страдающие бронхиальной астмой, представляют собой особую группу пациентов, в которой любое антигенное вмешательство должно быть обоснованным и безопасным. С целью определения целевой группы для вакцинопрофилактики пневмококковой инфекции в ходе проспективного обсервационного наблюдения проведено микробилогическое, серологическое обследование 137 детей с обострением бронхиальной астмы и обструктивным бронхитом в возрасте от 1 до 7 лет. S. pneumoniae выявлен у 62% (n=85) пациентов. Из них в основной группе - 53% (n=57) и 97% (n=28) - в группе сравнения (р=0,03). У детей с астмой отмечено значимое снижение концентрации субкласса 3 IgG 0,3+0,01 г/л (в сравнении 0,61+0,01 г/л, р=<0,001) и снижение уровня субкласса 4 IgG у детей с обструктивным бронхитом 0,1 +0,1 г/л (в сравнении 1,91 +0,1 г/л, р<0,001). Заключение: дети раннего возраста, как с бронхиальной астмой, так и бронхитом представляются целевой группой для активной вакцинопрофилактики пневмококковой инфекции

Динамика распространенности бронхиальной астмы у детей в Новосибирске

Six-year dynamics of epidemiology of bronchial asthma was analyzed in Novosibirsk according to a common standardized protocol of the "International Study of Asthma and Allergic Diseases in Children" (ISAAC) programme. The pathology spread was studied using a total surveying among first-form and eight-form pupils (the survey involved 7291 pupils 1996, 6631 ones in 1999 and 6943 children in 2002). The results showed stable spread of bronchial asthma symptoms among the senior and junior pupils and prevalence of mild asthma with rare exacerbations in both the groups. A progredient growth of severe asthma attack rate was noted in eight-form pupils. An increase in frequency of combined upper and lower airway pathologies was registered with reduction in skin atopy rate. A problem of underestimating of the pathology was discussed.Исследована 6-летняя динамика эпидемиологии бронхиальной астмы по единым стандартизованным протоколам программы "Международное исследование астмы и аллергических заболеваний у детей" (ISAAC) в Новосибирске. Изучение распространенности патологии проводилось при сплошном анкетировании учеников 1-х и 8-х классов (7291 школьник в 1996 г., 6631 — в 1999 г. и 6943 — в 2002 г.). В динамике выявлены стабильная распространенность симптомов бронхиальной астмы у старших и младших школьников, сохранение преобладания легких редко рецидивировавших форм патологии в обеих возрастных группах. Отмечен прогредиентный рост тяжелых приступов удушья у восьмиклассников. В популяции школьников зарегистрировано увеличение сочетанного поражения верхних и нижних отделов респираторного тракта с сокращением частоты кожных форм атопии. Отражена проблема гиподиагностики патологии

Essential Medicines at the National Level : The Global Asthma Network's Essential Asthma Medicines Survey 2014

Patients with asthma need uninterrupted supplies of affordable, quality-assured essential medicines. However, access in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited. The World Health Organization (WHO) Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Global Action Plan 2013-2020 sets an 80% target for essential NCD medicines' availability. Poor access is partly due to medicines not being included on the national Essential Medicines Lists (EML) and/or National Reimbursement Lists (NRL) which guide the provision of free/subsidised medicines. We aimed to determine how many countries have essential asthma medicines on their EML and NRL, which essential asthma medicines, and whether surveys might monitor progress. A cross-sectional survey in 2013-2015 of Global Asthma Network principal investigators generated 111/120 (93%) responses41 high-income countries and territories (HICs); 70 LMICs. Patients in HICs with NRL are best served (91% HICs included ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and salbutamol). Patients in the 24 (34%) LMICs with no NRL and the 14 (30%) LMICs with an NRL, however no ICS are likely to have very poor access to affordable, quality-assured ICS. Many LMICs do not have essential asthma medicines on their EML or NRL. Technical guidance and advocacy for policy change is required. Improving access to these medicines will improve the health system's capacity to address NCDs.Peer reviewe

Global Asthma Network survey suggests more national asthma strategies could reduce burden of asthma

Background Several countries or regions within countries have an effective national asthma strategy resulting in a reduction of the large burden of asthma to individuals and society. There has been no systematic appraisal of the extent of national asthma strategies in the world. Methods The Global Asthma Network (GAN) undertook an email survey of 276 Principal Investigators of GAN centres in 120 countries, in 2013–2014. One of the questions was: “Has a national asthma strategy been developed in your country for the next five years? For children? For adults?”. Results Investigators in 112 (93.3%) countries answered this question. Of these, 26 (23.2%) reported having a national asthma strategy for children and 24 (21.4%) for adults; 22 (19.6%) countries had a strategy for both children and adults; 28 (25%) had a strategy for at least one age group. In countries with a high prevalence of current wheeze, strategies were significantly more common than in low prevalence countries (11/13 (85%) and 7/31 (22.6%) respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Interpretation In 25% countries a national asthma strategy was reported. A large reduction in the global burden of asthma could be potentially achieved if more countries had an effective asthma strategy. © 2017 SEICA

Essential Medicines at the National Level: The Global Asthma Network's Essential Asthma Medicines Survey 2014

10.3390/ijerph16040605INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH16

Global Asthma Network survey suggests more national asthma strategies could reduce burden of asthma

Background Several countries or regions within countries have an effective national asthma strategy resulting in a reduction of the large burden of asthma to individuals and society. There has been no systematic appraisal of the extent of national asthma strategies in the world. Methods The Global Asthma Network (GAN) undertook an email survey of 276 Principal Investigators of GAN centres in 120 countries, in 2013–2014. One of the questions was: “Has a national asthma strategy been developed in your country for the next five years? For children? For adults?”. Results Investigators in 112 (93.3%) countries answered this question. Of these, 26 (23.2%) reported having a national asthma strategy for children and 24 (21.4%) for adults; 22 (19.6%) countries had a strategy for both children and adults; 28 (25%) had a strategy for at least one age group. In countries with a high prevalence of current wheeze, strategies were significantly more common than in low prevalence countries (11/13 (85%) and 7/31 (22.6%) respectively, p < 0.001). Interpretation In 25% countries a national asthma strategy was reported. A large reduction in the global burden of asthma could be potentially achieved if more countries had an effective asthma strategy. © 2017 SEICA