Cradle Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-me/1041/thumbnail.jp

Second look at the spread of epidemics on networks

In an important paper, M.E.J. Newman claimed that a general network-based stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) epidemic model is isomorphic to a bond percolation model, where the bonds are the edges of the contact network and the bond occupation probability is equal to the marginal probability of transmission from an infected node to a susceptible neighbor. In this paper, we show that this isomorphism is incorrect and define a semi-directed random network we call the epidemic percolation network that is exactly isomorphic to the SIR epidemic model in any finite population. In the limit of a large population, (i) the distribution of (self-limited) outbreak sizes is identical to the size distribution of (small) out-components, (ii) the epidemic threshold corresponds to the phase transition where a giant strongly-connected component appears, (iii) the probability of a large epidemic is equal to the probability that an initial infection occurs in the giant in-component, and (iv) the relative final size of an epidemic is equal to the proportion of the network contained in the giant out-component. For the SIR model considered by Newman, we show that the epidemic percolation network predicts the same mean outbreak size below the epidemic threshold, the same epidemic threshold, and the same final size of an epidemic as the bond percolation model. However, the bond percolation model fails to predict the correct outbreak size distribution and probability of an epidemic when there is a nondegenerate infectious period distribution. We confirm our findings by comparing predictions from percolation networks and bond percolation models to the results of simulations. In an appendix, we show that an isomorphism to an epidemic percolation network can be defined for any time-homogeneous stochastic SIR model.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figure

Silver Threads Among the Gold

VERSE 1Darling, I am growing old,Silver threads among the gold,Shine upon my brow today;Life is fading fast away;But, my darling, you will beAlways young and fair to me,Yes! my darling, you will beAlways young and fair to me. CHORUSDarling, I am growing old.Silver threads among the gold,Shine upon my brow today;Life is fading fast away. VERSE 2When your hair is silver white,And your cheeks no longer bright,With the roses of the May,I will kiss your lips, and sayOh! My darling, mine aloneYou have never older grown,Yes! my darling, mine alone,You have never older grown! CHORUS VERSE 3Love can never more grow old,Locks may lose their brown and gold;Cheeks may fade and hollow grow,But the hearts that love will know,Never, never winter’s frost and chill;Summer warmth is in them stillNever winter’s frost and chill,Summer warmth is in them still. CHORUS VERSE 4Love is always young and fair,What to us is silver hair;Faded cheeks, or steps grown slow,To the heart that beats below?Since I kissed you mine alone, alone.You have never older grownSince I kissed you mine alone,Your have never older grown. CHORU

Cradle Song

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4916/thumbnail.jp

Silvery Stars Are Softly Gleaming : \b Serenade

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2448/thumbnail.jp

Silvery Stars Are Softly Gleaming : \b Serenade

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2448/thumbnail.jp

ANALISISI PENGARUH FADING TERHADAP KANAL UPLINK PADA WiMAX IEEE 802.16d

ABSTRAKSI: WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) merupakan teknologi baru yang memberikan layanan informasi pita lebar seperti pada teknologi Wi-Fi dan menjadi solusi keterbatasan akses pada teknologi tersebut. Teknologi ini mampu memberikan layanan data berkecepatan tinggi hingga 120 Mbps dalam radius maksimal 40-50 km. Dalam proses pentransmisian sinyal dari transmitter ke receiver mengalami fluktuasi daya yang dikarenakan sinyal mengalami perubahan daya karena pengaruh objek-objek penghalang yang disebut dengan fading. Objek-objek panghalang tersebut dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga bagian yaitu: pemantulan (reflections), pemencaran (scattering), dan pembiasan (diffractions). Pada tugas akhir (TA) ini data mengenai pengaruh fading terhadap kanal uplink pada WiMAX IEEE 802.16d diperoleh melalui pengukuran yang dilakukan di empat lokasi yaitu:. Mayapada, Ciung Wanara, HDTE, dan Soreang. Parameter-parameter yang diukur diantaranya: throughput, SNR, RSSI/RSL, dan jitter. Dari hasil pengukuran di lapangan didapat, nilai throughput TCP terbaik diperoleh di SS Ciung Wanara dengan nilai 5400 Kbps, dan nilai throughput UDP yang baik terdapat di tiga lokasi yaitu SS Ciung Wanara, SS HDTE, dan SS Soreang dengan nilai 5600 Kbps. Hasil pengukuran SNR nilai tertinggi terdapat di SS Mayapada dengan nilai 27 dB. Hasil pengukuran parameter RSSI/RSL nilai tertinggi terdapat di SS Mayapada dengan nilai -50 dBm. Pengukuran parameter jitter hanya dilakukan pada UDP dengan hasil nilai tertinggi terdapat pada SS Mayapada dengan nilai 0,320 ms.Pada arah uplink daya kirim (PTX) untuk setiap titik pengukuran berbeda. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh jarak pengukuran yang berbeda dan logic BS yang menghendaki setiap sinyal SS sebagus mungkin sesuai threshold yang diberikan user kepada BS. Semakin jauh jarak pengukuran yaitu 14,52 Km maka nilai PTX bertambah dengan nilai 24 dBm.Hasil pengamatan dan analisis yang telah dilakukan didapatkan bahwa pengaruh fading terhadap kanal uplink pada WiMAX IEEE 802.16d mengakibatkan fluktuasi rata-rata daya terima di receiver sebesar 24,44 dBm.Kata Kunci : fading, jitter, RSSI/RSL, SNR, throughput, uplink, WiMAXABSTRACT: WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave access) is a new technology that provides broadband information services such as Wi-Fi technology and a solution to limited access to these technologies. This technology can provide high-speed data services up to 120 Mbps within a maximum radius of 40-50 km. In the process of signal transmission from the transmitter to the receiver experiencing power fluctuations due to signal power change due to the influence of barrier objects called fading. Obstacle objects can be grouped into three sections namely: reflection (reflections), dispersal (scattering), and refraction (diffractions).At this final task (TA) is the data about the influence of fading on the uplink channel at the WiMAX IEEE 802.16d obtained through measurements taken at four locations namely:. Mayapada, Ciung Wanara, HDTE, and Soreang. The parameters measured include: throughput, SNR, RSSI / RSL, and jitter. From the results of field measurements obtained, the best TCP throughput values obtained in the SS Ciung Wanara Kbps 5400 value, and the best UDP throughput values obtained in three locations namely Ciung Wanara SS, HDTE SS, and SS Soreang 5600 Kbps value. SNR measurements have the highest value in the value of SS Mayapada 27 dB. Parameters measured RSSI / RSL highest value found in the SS Mayapada -50 dBm value. Jitter parameters measurements performed only on the UDP with the highest values found in the SS with a value Mayapada 0.320 ms.In the uplink direction of the ship (PTX) for each measurement point is different. This is because of different measurement range and logic BS that want each SS signal as good as possible within a given threshold the user to the BS. If the distance measurement even further with the value of 14.52 Km, so PTX value increased to 24 dBm.The results of observation and analysis has been done it was found that the influence of fading on the uplink channel at the WiMAX IEEE 802.16d cause fluctuations in the average received power at the receiver of 24.44 dBm.Keyword: fading, jitter, RSSI/RSL, SNR, throughput, uplink, WiMA