564 research outputs found
Reconstructing large-scale structure with neutral hydrogen surveys
Upcoming 21-cm intensity surveys will use the hyperfine transition in emission to map out neutral hydrogen in large volumes of the universe. Unfortunately, large spatial scales are completely contaminated with spectrally smooth astrophysical foregrounds which are orders of magnitude brighter than the signal. This contamination also leaks into smaller radial and angular modes to form a foreground wedge, further limiting the usefulness of 21-cm observations for different science cases, especially cross-correlations with tracers that have wide kernels in the radial direction. In this paper, we investigate reconstructing these modes within a forward modeling framework. Starting with an initial density field, a suitable bias parameterization and non-linear dynamics to model the observed 21-cm field, our reconstruction proceeds by {combining} the likelihood of a forward simulation to match the observations (under given modeling error and a data noise model) {with the Gaussian prior on initial conditions and maximizing the obtained posterior}. For redshifts z=2 and 4, we are able to reconstruct 21cm field with cross correlation, rc > 0.8 on all scales for both our optimistic and pessimistic assumptions about foreground contamination and for different levels of thermal noise. The performance deteriorates slightly at z=6. The large-scale line-of-sight modes are reconstructed almost perfectly. We demonstrate how our method also provides a technique for density field reconstruction for baryon acoustic oscillations, outperforming standard methods on all scales. We also describe how our reconstructed field can provide superb clustering redshift estimation at high redshifts, where it is otherwise extremely difficult to obtain dense spectroscopic samples, as well as open up a wealth of cross-correlation opportunities with projected fields (e.g. lensing) which are restricted to modes transverse to the line of sight
Inhomogeneous phase of a Gluon Plasma at finite temperature and density
By considering the non-perturbative effects associated with the fundamental
modular region, a new phase of a Gluon Plasma at finite density is proposed. It
corresponds to the transition from glueballs to non-perturbative gluons which
condense at a non vanishing momentum. In this respect the proposed phase is
analogous to the color superconducting LOFF phase for fermionic systems.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
A Variational Approach to the Spinless Relativistic Coulomb Problem
By application of a straightforward variational procedure we derive a simple,
analytic upper bound on the ground-state energy eigenvalue of a
semirelativistic Hamiltonian for (one or two) spinless particles which
experience some Coulomb-type interaction.Comment: 7 pages, HEPHY-PUB 606/9
Electron cloud buildup and impedance effects on beam dynamics in the future circular e+eâ collider and experimental characterization of thin TiZrV vacuum chamber coatings
The Future Circular Collider FCC-ee is a study toward a high luminosity electron-positron collider with a centre-of-mass energy from 91 GeV to 365 GeV. Due to the beam parameters and pipe dimensions, collective effects and electron cloud can be very critical aspects for the machine and can represent the main limitations to its performance. An estimation of the electron cloud build up in the main machine components and an impedance model are required to analyze the induced instabilities and to find solutions for their mitigation. Special attention has been given to the resistive wall impedance associated with a layer of nonevaporable getter (NEG) coating on the vacuum chamber required for electron cloud mitigation. The studies presented in this paper will show that minimizing the thickness of this coating layer is mandatory to increase the single bunch instability thresholds in the proposed lepton collider at 45.6 GeV. For this reason, NEG thin films with thicknesses below 250 nm have been investigated by means of numerical simulations to minimize the resistive wall impedance. In parallel, an extensive measurement campaign was performed at CERN to characterize these thin films, with the purpose of finding the minimum effective thickness satisfying vacuum and electron cloud requirements
Three Questions on Lorentz Violation
We review the basics of the two most widely used approaches to Lorentz
violation - the Stardard Model Extension and Noncommutative Field Theory - and
discuss in some detail the example of the modified spectrum of the synchrotron
radiation. Motivated by touching upon such a fundamental issue as Lorentz
symmetry, we ask three questions: What is behind the search for Lorentz
violation? Is String Theory a physical theory? Is there an alternative to
Supersymmetry?Comment: 16 pages; invited luecture at DICE2006 - Piombino, Italy - September
200
Polyakov Loop and Gluon Quasiparticles in Yang-Mills Thermodynamics
We study the interpretation of Lattice data about the thermodynamics of the
deconfinement phase of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory, in terms of gluon
quasiparticles propagating in a background of a Polyakov loop. A potential for
the Polyakov loop, inspired by the strong coupling expansion of the QCD action,
is introduced; the Polyakov loop is coupled to tranverse gluon quasiparticles
by means of a gas-like effective potential. This study is useful to identify
the effective degrees of freedom propagating in the gluon medium above the
critical temperature. A main general finding is that a dominant part of the
phase transition dynamics is accounted for by the Polyakov loop dynamics, hence
the thermodynamics can be described without the need for diverging or
exponentially increasing quasiparticle masses as , at
variance respect to standard quasiparticle models.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
One-Loop Renormalization and Asymptotic Behaviour of a Higher-Derivative Scalar Theory in Curved Spacetime
A higher-derivative, interacting, scalar field theory in curved spacetime
with the most general action of sigma-model type is studied. The one-loop
counterterms of the general theory are found. The renormalization group
equations corresponding to two different, multiplicatively renormalizable
variants of the same are derived. The analysis of their asymptotic solutions
shows that, depending on the sign of one of the coupling constants, we can
construct an asymptotically free theory which is also asymptotically conformal
invariant at strong (or small) curvature. The connection that can be
established between one of the multiplicatively renormalizable variants of the
theory and the effective theory of the conformal factor, aiming at the
description of quantum gravity at large distances, is investigated.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX file (some mistakes have been corrected and a
reference has been added), UB-ECM-PF 94/
Diagnostic and prognostic value of three micrornas in environmental asbestiform fibers-associated malignant mesothelioma
Fluoro-edenite (FE) is an asbestiform fiber identified in Biancavilla (Sicily, Italy). Environmental exposure to FE has been associated with a higher incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM). The present study aimed to validate the predicted diagnostic significance of hsa-miR-323a-3p, hsa-miR-101-3p, and hsa-miR-20b-5p on a subset of MM patients exposed to FE and matched with healthy controls. For this purpose, MM tissues vs. nonmalignant pleura tissues were analyzed through droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to evaluate differences in the expression levels of the selected miRNAs and their MM diagnostic potential. In addition, further computational analysis has been performed to establish the correlation of these miRNAs with the available online asbestos exposure data and clinic-pathological parameters to verify the potential role of these miRNAs as prognostic tools. ddPCR results showed that the three analyzed miRNAs were significantly down-regulated in MM cases vs. controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed high specificity and sensitivity rates for both hsa-miR-323a-3p and hsa-miR-20b-5p, which thus acquire a diagnostic value for MM. In silico results showed a potential prognostic role of hsa-miR-101-3p due to a significant association of its higher expression and increased overall survival (OS) of MM patients
Trace Anomaly and Quasi-Particles in Finite Temperature SU(N) Gauge Theory
We consider deconfined matter in SU(N) gauge theory as an ideal gas of
transversely polarized quasi-particle modes having a temperature-dependent mass
m(T). Just above the transition temperature, the mass is assumed to be
determined by the critical behavior of the energy density and the screening
length in the medium. At high temperature, it becomes proportional to T as the
only remaining scale. The resulting (trace anomaly based) interaction measure
Delta=(e - 3P)/T^4 and energy density are found to agree well with finite
temperature SU(3) lattice calculations.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures; references added for version
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