Business Benefits Associated With Improving Fatigue Regulations for Cargo Pilots

The central idea of this research is to assess business-related factors in the Pilots ́ Fatigue Regulations and evaluate if a more flexible regulation would improve productivity of airline cargo pilots in Brazil. The results of the study have indicated that Brazilian Civil Aviation Authority (ANAC) can create a regulatory environment that may lead up to 34,28% of improved productivity of pilots ́ availability in cargo operations, which may contribute for gains up to USD $3.6 million for an airline with cargo 70 pilots flying 16.500 hours per year. Aviation fatigue regulations are an extremely important subject in the aviation industry as they are a part of an evolution of operational processes within the Safety Management System (SMS). However, some restrictions in regulation may produce some business-related inefficiencies in terms of additional costs or revenue loss to airline companies. The research conducted revised the bibliography available with regards this subject of pilots ́ fatigue regulation in the USA and Brazil. The Group also compared important business-related indicators related to cargo pilots ́ operations in Brazil and calculated potential gains of a hypothetical scenario with an adjusted pilot ́s schedule in line with FAA CFR 177. At last, the research included evaluation of The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) records of events of cargo operations in the USA to compare if safety is impacted by fatigue in an environment of an optimized schedule of cargo pilot. A crucial finding of this research is that the proposed changes shall not impact current safety levels caused by fatigue of pilots

The Role of Macrolides in Noncystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

Objective. The present study aims at reviewing the main publications on the use of macrolides as immunomodulators in patients with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Source of Data. The Medline database was our source of data for this research carried out until June 2011, using the key words: macrolides and bronchiectasis, while searching for original articles and reviews. Summary of Data. Seven clinical studies that evaluated the action of the macrolides in patients with bronchiectasis were found. There was the sputum volume, reduction in pulmonary exacerbation frequency, and in the use of antimicrobial treatment, in addition to pulmonary function improvement. Conclusions. Anti-inflammatory action and immunomodulatory effects can be attributed to macrolides when administered in low doses and on the long term. This use has been well established both in diffuse panbronchiolitis and in cystic fibrosis. Evidence indicates possible benefits in bronchiectasis. Future studies are needed, though, to establish the ideal dose and treatment duration and to understand the implications in the generation of microbial resistance

Mulheres muçulmanas no Brasil: diversidade cultural x direitos humanos das mulheres

Ao estudar a evolução histórica dos direitos humanos podemos constatar enorme avanço no campo dos direitos humanos das mulheres, mas esses direitos ainda encontram barreiras para sua aplicabilidade em vários países, principalmente os muçulmanos onde o fundamentalismo religioso prevalece sobre o conceito moderno de direitos humanos. Visando tal fato, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o comportamento de mulheres muçulmanas que, vindo de países fundamentalistas que desrespeitam os direitos das mulheres, migram para Estados laicos, principalmente, no caso, para o Brasil. O presente trabalho visa investigar as razões de certos comportamentos mantidos por essas mulheres, mesmo longe dos Estados fundamentalistas. Também tem por objetivo estudar até onde o conceito de relativismo cultural prevalece sobre os direitos das mulheres, principalmente no caso das imigrantes, que acabam se encontrando em situações onde ficam entre suas leis e costumes, às vezes abusivos aos olhos ocidentais, e as liberdades oferecidas por um Estado laico. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo teórico, como também foi apresentada uma pesquisa de campo, entrevistando mulheres muçulmanas imigrantes, a fim de responder tais questões.When studying the evolution of human rights, we may perceive great advance in the field of women’s rights, but those rights still find some barriers for their applicability in several countries, specially in Muslim countries where religious fundamentalism prevail over the modern concept of human rights. Seeking that fact, this research aims to study the behavior of Muslim women which coming from fundamentalist countries, immigrate to secular countries, specially, in this case, to Brazil. This study aims to investigate the reasons why certain behaviors are kept by those women, even when they are far from fundamentalist countries. This research also aims to study till where the concept of cultural relativism prevails over women’s rights, especially when we talk about immigrants, which usually find themselves caught between their own laws and habits, which sometimes seemed abusive to the western society, and liberties and habits of a secular society. For that matter, a theoretical study was accomplished as also was presented a research containing several interviews with immigrant Muslim women, aiming to answer all the questions raised in this study

A influência da necrose pulpar no tratamento das lesões endo perio

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Odontologia.As lesões endoperio ainda são muito discutidas na literatura. As vias de comunicação fisiológica entre a polpa e o periodonto são representadas pelos túbulos dentinários, canais laterais/acessórios e forame apical. A reciprocidade de bactérias e seus subprodutos entre esses tecidos é conhecida e difundida, principalmente quando o tecido pulpar se encontra necrosado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a etiologia, classificação, diagnóstico e tratamento das lesões endoperio, bem como relatar casos clínicos da literatura em que a conduta do profissional é específica, frente ao diagnóstico de polpa necrosada em lesões combinadas. Alguns casos clínicos foram selecionados, através da plataforma científica Pubmed, Google Acadêmico e Scielo nas línguas inglês e português, para avaliação do tratamento realizado e prognóstico alcançado nos pacientes que se enquadravam no tema da pesquisa, com lesões combinadas. O teste de sensibilidade pulpar e a avaliação periodontal são de fundamental importância para o delineamento e implementação de um correto plano de tratamento. Na lesão Endoperio, nos casos em que há necrose do tecido pulpar, o tratamento endodôntico e o uso de uma medicação intracanal são importantes para auxiliar na inserção periodontal.Endoperio lesions are still much discussed in the literature. The physiological communication pathways between the pulp and the periodontium are represented by the dentinal tubules, lateral/accessory canals and the apical foramen. The reciprocity of bacteria and their by-products between these tissues is known and widespread, especially when the pulp tissue is necrotic. The present work aimed to carry out a literature review on the etiology, classification, diagnosis and treatment of endoperium lesions, as well as to report clinical cases in the literature in which the professional's conduct is specific, regarding the diagnosis of necrotic pulp in combined lesions. Some clinical cases were selected, through the scientific platforms Pubmed, Academic Google and Scielo, in languages English and Portuguese, to evaluate the treatment performed and prognosis achieved in patients who fit the research theme, with combined injuries. The pulp sensitivity test and periodontal evaluation are of fundamental importance for the design and implementation of a correct treatment plan. In the Endoperio lesion, in cases where there is necrosis of the pulp tissue, endodontic treatment and the use of an intracanal medication are important to aid in periodontal insertion

Partnering for greater success: local stakeholders and research in tropical biology.

Local communities are important stakeholders in resource management and conservation efforts, particularly in the developing world. Although evidence is mixed in suggesting that these resident stakeholders are optimal forest stewards, it is highly unlikely that large tracts of tropical forests will be conserved without engaging local people who depend on them daily for their livelihoods. Stakeholders, who reside in biodiverse ecosystems like tropical forests, are the largest direct users and ultimate decision-makers of forest fate, can be important investors in conservation, harbor local ecological knowledge that complements Western science and frequently have long-term legitimate claims on lands where they reside. Research partnerships with local stakeholders can increase research relevance, enhance knowledge exchange and result in greater conservation success. Different phases of the research cycle present distinct opportunities for partnership, with flexibility in timing, approaches and strategies depending on researcher and local stakeholder needs and interests. Despite being the last step in the research process, dissemination of results can be the best starting point for researchers interested in experimenting with local stakeholder engagement. Still, tropical biologists might not choose to partner with local people because of lack of institutional rewards, insufficient training in stakeholder engagement, insecure research infrastructure in community settings, and time and funding limitations. Although not appropriate in all cases and despite significant challenges, some biological scientists and research institutions have successfully engaged local stakeholders in the research process, proving mutually beneficial for investigators and local people alike and resulting in important innovations in tropical biology and conservation

O percurso como elemento dinamizador da ilha do Faial

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A presente dissertação pretende estudar e compreender os conceitos de Paisagem, Património Cultural que, aliados ao desenvolvimento de uma estratégia coerente, visam promover e dinamizar a cultura da ilha do Faial, no Arquipélago dos Açores. Para tal, os conceitos de Paisagem e de Património Cultural são analisados do ponto de vista etimológico, bem como a partir do seu enquadramento na jurisdição e programação nacional e internacional, com o objetivo de perceber o alcance que ambas têm atualmente na sociedade e nos diferentes programas políticos. É também analisada a noção de percurso temático articulado às estratégias de promoção de diferentes territórios. Procurar-se-á, além do capítulo dedicado à caracterização do local de estudo, enquadrar os referidos conceitos teóricos na realidade existente na ilha do Faial, para uma completa leitura e compreensão do local. Através dos conhecimentos adquiridos, propõe-se uma estratégia e uma proposta de carácter projetual que visa a promoção, dinamização e consequente desenvolvimento social e económico para a ilha do Faial. Esta estratégia pretende promover a exploração e descoberta da ilha a partir da delimitação de diferentes percursos aliados com a natureza, a paisagem e o seu património cultural.ABSTRACT: This dissertation aims to study and understand the concepts of Landscape and Cultural Heritage along with the development of a coherent strategy and the intent to promote and dynamize the culture of the island of Faial, in the Azores Archipelago. For such, the concepts of Landscape and Cultural Heritage are analyzed from the etymological point of view, as well as from their context in national and international jurisdiction and government policies. The objective is the understanding of the scope they both have in society and in the different policies. It is also analyzed the idea of thematic path articulated with the strategies of promotion for different territories. In addition to the chapter dedicated to the characterization of the place of study, we will focus on these theoretical concepts within the existing reality of the island of Faial, for a complete reading and understanding of the land. Through the acquired knowledge, it is offered a strategy and a project proposal that aims at the promotion, dynamization and consequent social and economic development for the island of Faial. This strategy intends to promote exploration and discovery of the island from the delimitation of different paths allied with nature, the landscape and its cultural heritage.N/