Reconocimiento automatizado de menas metálicas mediante análisis digital de imagen: Un apoyo al proceso mineralúrgico. II: Criterios metalogenéticos discriminantes

Demostrada la posibilidad de segmentación efectiva de menas metálicas para la automatización del estudio mineralógico mediante análisis digital de imagen sobre microscopio óptico de reflexión, se procede, ahora, a completar la metodología, integrando criterios complementarios. Se estudian las asociaciones minerales presentes en los yacimientos minerales y se comparan los valores de reflectancia correspondientes. Las posibilidades de confusión son mínimas, si se limita la selección a los componentes presentes en asociaciones reales. Se elaboran tablas con tipologías simplificadas de yacimientos y de las correspondientes asociaciones minerales, ilustrando su aplicación con ejemplos reales. En conclusión, se propone un método integrado que combina criterios físicos cuantitativos, basados en medidas fotoespectrométricas, con criterios geológicos (tipologías y asociaciones minerales). Dicho método no sustituye al experto mineralogista pero potencia, enormemente, su rendimiento y lo capacita, mediante el proceso matemático de datos digitales adquiridos una sola vez, para producir, a la carta, informaciones variadas y rápidas

Geochemical Modeling of CO2-Brine Gabbro-diorite Interaction for in-situ Mineral Carbonation

This work consists of a geochemical modeling applied to in situ mineral carbonation. The simulations are based on previous laboratory tests that followed 4 time sets of a plutonic mafic rock samples immersed into supercritical CO2 – brine (8 MPa and 40°C) up to a maximum of 64-days. The study aims to mimic the experimental results; pH evolution, solution concentration changes and newly formed mineral phases. Three simulations were conducted using Crunchflow simulator, emphasizing the key role of the specific surface area on the reaction rate. The simulations corroborate the experimental results until 64-days, that is, a dominant dissolution process. Beyond the observed time, the simulation predicted the concentration breakthrough induced by secondary mineral formation. Zeolites and clay minerals are the first phase to form, competing with carbonates after 65- days. The simultaneous competition of silicate minerals to fix Calcium ions can limit carbonates formation reducing the potential for CO2 sequestration by mineral carbonation in mafic rocks

Mineral Carbonation of CO2 in Mafic Plutonic Rocks, II-Laboratory Experiments on Early-Phase Supercritical CO2-Brine-Rock Interactions

The potential for mineral carbonation of CO2 in plutonic mafic rocks is addressed through a set of laboratory experiments on cumulate gabbro and gabbro-diorite specimens from the Sines Massif (Portugal). The experiments were conducted in an autoclave, for a maximum of 64 days, using a CO2 supersaturated brine under pressure and temperature conditions similar to those expected around an injection well during early-phase CO2 injection. Multiple techniques for mineralogical and geochemical characterization were applied ante- and post-carbonation experiments. New mineralogical phases (smectite, halite and gypsum), roughness increase and material loss were observed after exposure to the CO2 supersaturated brine. The chemical analysis shows consistent changes in the brine and rock specimens: (i) increases in iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) in the aqueous phase and decreases in Fe2O3 and MgO in the specimens; (ii) a decrease in aqueous calcium (Ca) and an increase in CaO in the cumulate gabbro, whereas in the gabbro-diorite aqueous Ca increased and afterwards remained constant, whereas CaO decreased. The geochemical model using the CrunchFlow code was able to reproduce the experimental observations and simulate the chemical behavior for longer times. Overall, the study indicates that the early-stage CO2 injection conditions adopted induce mainly a dissolution phase with mineralogical/textural readjustments on the external area of the samples studied

Geoenvironmental Analysis of Oil Extraction Activities in Urban and Rural Zones of Santa Elena Province, Ecuador

From an environmental viewpoint, oil wells can be considered a potential source of pollution when improperly managed. The Santa Elena province (Ecuador), located on the Pacific coast, currently has a residual crude oil extraction compared to production generated in the Amazon region of the country. However, this activity in the coastal zone is very near to urban and rural populations. Therefore, a detailed influence analysis of these wells on the environment is necessary. This work aims to analyse, from a geoenvironmental perspective, the oil wells impact located in a pilot zone (urban and rural) of the oil field studied and, complementarily, to describe their incidence on the community and territory. The methodological process includes (i) oil wells compilation and inventory within the study zone and selection of a pilot zone; (ii) contaminating factors identification generated by the wells infrastructure (mechanical and territorial) and their current state of activity (production or abandoned); (iii) environmental impacts analysis generated through the development of a cause-effect matrix and, finally, the evaluation of a method and results found through a focus group technique. The results reflect a negative impact on the land cover and vegetative-animal environment in the vicinity of the wells, caused by the continuous release of gases, metallic oxidation and bituminous exhumation. The overall impacts interpretation compiled indicates that comprehensive action is needed at the wells to control and minimise them. The implementation of new environmental strategies through zoning can help to achieve adequate land-use planning, thus combining the safe and sustainable use of the resource with the development of other community activities (urbanisation, tourism, industry, agriculture and fishing) and environmental protection.This work was carried out in collaboration with the ‘Peninsula Santa Elena Geopark Project’ with code no. 91870000.0000.381017, and ‘Factores Geoambientales de los pozos petroleros y su incidencia en el desarrollo territorial en los cantones Salinas y La Libertad de la provincia de Santa Elena’, with code no: 91870000.0000.385428, by UPSE University. Support for the project was also provided by the ‘Registry of geological and mining heritage and its impact on the defence and preservation of geodiversity in Ecuador’, academic research project by ESPOL University, CIPAT-01-2018

Mineralogical and chemical changes induced by experiments of interaction between supercritical CO2 and plutonic mafic rocks. A case study in Portugal.

The focus of this research is a qualitative study of mineralogical and chemical changes in plutonic mafic rock samples after exposure to a CO2-rich brine, under supercritical conditions (SC), to clarify the behavior of brine and rock in the initial stages of mineral carbonation. The studied rock consists of a gabbro-anorthosite from the Odivelas massif, in southern Portugal. The sample was exposed to a SC CO2-rich brine (P≈8 MPa, T≈40◦C) for runs of 0, 30 and 90 days. Experiments were conducted in batch mode, ie. with no CO2 flow, and with a proportion of CO2 to brine of 0.226 for 30 days and 0.033 for 90 days. In addition, numerical modeling was applied to complement the experimental observations, reproducing the experimental observations and simulate the chemical behavior for longer times. The chemical analysis of the brine, before and after, the experiment, shows: (i) increase of magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+) and silica (SiO2) for the 30 and 90 days runs and (ii) decrease of pH (8.1 to 6.1 and 8.1 to 6.3, respectively). Experimental and numerical results indicate that the rock sample suffered a slight dissolution process with mineralogical/textural readjustments on the external area of the specimens studied. This is thought to mimic the initial dissolution process under early-stage mineral carbonation. After 90 days, apart from halite, there are no significant new mineral phases. However, the elemental association in the EDS maps of carbon and magnesium dissociated from silicon suggests the residual crystallization of magnesit

Desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz

El proceso de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está directamente relacionado con una adecuada metodología de procesos industriales, que cada vez son más exigentes en competitividad, eficiencia energética y de normativas ambientales. Este libro contempla resultados de un proceso de investigación y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas aplicadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Automotriz desde cuatro aristas: eficiencia energética y contaminación ambiental, planificación del transporte, ingeniería del mantenimiento aplicada al transporte y desagregación tecnológica. Este libro conmemora 20 años de formación universitaria salesiana en el sector de transporte y recoge las experiencias y resultados obtenidos asociados con el desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha convocado a la comunidad científica, académica y profesionales de la industria automotriz a participar en la publicación. Cada capítulo fue sometido a revisión, evaluación y aprobación por un comité científico altamente calificado, proveniente de seis países: Colombia, Ecuador, España, Guinea Ecuatorial, México y Venezuela. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al gran apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS sede Cuenca), Ecuador y Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)

Pore system changes during experimental CO2 injection into detritic rocks: Studies of potential storage rocks from some sedimentary basins of Spain

International audienc

Innovaciones pedagógicas en educación intercultural: Un desafío para la práctica docente.

The following research work based on the pedagogical innovations of intercultural education, a challenge for teaching practice, was developed in the following aspects: intercultural education, presenting the reality of education in Ecuador and what have been the challenges in the educational system; teacher training and role, emphasizing critical thinking to train students with autonomous learning; and pedagogical innovations, based on reality and as a proposal, innovations on cultural diversity and the valuation of ancestral knowledge. With the aim of reflecting on the context of pedagogical innovations in intercultural education with the daily realities that teachers live in practice. The methodology applied in the article consisted of a qualitative approach using research instruments such as primary and secondary bibliographic sources, with a descriptive and argumentative analysis through the main authors such as Krainer and Guerra (2016) on case studies and Rodríguez, Marin, Moreno, and Rubano (2007), application of intercultural education in teaching practice. As a result, pedagogical innovations in intercultural education start from the learning acquired mainly in teaching practice and a reflection of applied research.O seguinte trabalho inquiridor apoiado nas inovações pedagógicas da educação intercultural um desafio para a prática docente, desenvolveu-se nos seguintes aspectos: a educação intercultural, apresentando a realidade da educação no Equador e quais foram os desafios no sistema educativo; formação e papel do docentes, fazendo ênfase no pensamento crítico para formar estudantes com uma aprendizagem autônoma; e inovações pedagógicas, partindo da realidade e como proposta a inovação sobre a diversidade cultural e a valoração dos saberes ancestrais. Com o objetivo de refletir sobre o contexto de inovações pedagógicas em educação intercultural das realidades cotidianas que vivem os docentes na prática. A metodologia aplicada no artigo consistiu em um enfoque qualitativo utilizando instrumentos de investigação como as fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias, com uma análise descritiva e argumentação mediante os principais autores como Krainer e Guerra (2016) sobre casos de estudo e Rodríguez, Marin, Moreno, e Rubano (2007), aplicação da educação intercultural na prática docente. Tendo como resultado que as inovações pedagógicas na educação intercultural parte da aprendizagem adquirida principalmente na prática docente e uma reflexão das investigações aplicadas.El siguiente trabajo investigativo basado en las innovaciones pedagógicas de la educación intercultural un desafío para la práctica docente, se desarrolló en los siguientes aspectos: la educación intercultural, presentando la realidad de la educación en Ecuador y cuales han sido los desafíos en el sistema educativo; formación y papel del docentes, haciendo énfasis en el pensamiento crítico para formar estudiantes con un aprendizaje autónomo; e innovaciones pedagógicas, partiendo de la realidad y como propuesta la innovación sobre la diversidad cultural y la valoración de los saberes ancestrales. Con el objetivo de reflexionar sobre el contexto de innovaciones pedagógicas en educación intercultural desde las realidades cotidianas que viven los docentes en la práctica. La metodología aplicada en el artículo consistió en un enfoque cualitativo utilizando instrumentos de investigación como las fuentes bibliográficas primarias y secundarias, con un análisis descriptivo y argumentativo mediante los principales autores como Krainer y Guerra (2016) sobre casos de estudio y Rodríguez, Marin, Moreno, y Rubano (2007), aplicación de la educación intercultural en la práctica docente. Teniendo como resultado que las innovaciones pedagógicas en la educación intercultural parte del aprendizaje adquirido principalmente en la práctica docente y una reflexión de las investigaciones aplicadas

Plan de negocios de la camaronera CREMSA

Para este documento el proyecto CREMSA detalla la factibilidad económica, del cultivo en cautiverio de cainarones peneidos en una finca de cuarenta hectáreas ubicada en la provincia de EL Oro, el mismo que incluye: los objetivos, las estrategias y la organización de la empresa, las alternativas de financiamiento y un análisis económico del proyecto